A case study of accidents caused by human and fuel smuggling

The smuggling of illegal immigrants and their transfer across the border between countries is a global problem, and when it happens that the possibility of regular migration is limited and border controls are strict, it forces immigrants to use illegal methods. Tighter border controls have created a market for illegal immigrant transportation services and have transformed the nature of the problem of illegal border crossing into human trafficking.Considering the possibility of exploiting these people, human trafficking has two general concepts, Smuggling and Trafficking, and the concept of Smuggling refers to making money by transporting illegal immigrants across borders for work or a better life. In the case of trafficking, the illegal transfer of people between borders is done in order to exploit and exploit them, and most of the victims are women and children.However, both types of human trafficking are considered an organized crime and are a source of income for criminal groups. According to the report of the United Nations Office of Crime and Narcotics: Migrant smuggling includes all actions that are considered to be aimed at gaining profit through the illegal transfer of people to a country where the person is not a citizen or a permanent resident of that country.Human trafficking is one of the fastest growing crimes. The United Nations estimates that 4 million people are victims of human trafficking every year. Criminologists predict that in the next 10 years, human trafficking will surpass drug trafficking and arms trafficking. Since the actual number of illegal immigrants is unknown, it seems that the increase in the number of detained illegal immigrants indicates that the risks of some methods of moving smuggled immigrants are increasing. Unfortunately, migrant smuggling can endanger the life and safety of migrants.The increasing process of immigration has caused many countries to increase and strengthen border controls. Following the increase in border surveillance measures and border blockages, human traffickers have used risky routes, and as a result, these movements have become more dangerous and have increased the possibility of the death of illegal immigrants. Many stages of human trafficking are dangerous for illegal immigrants and can have unwanted effects on their health. The health and therapeutic consequences of human trafficking have not been systematically studied, but initial observations show that human trafficking has significant and specific effects on both illegal immigrants and the host country. Also, studies on human trafficking have been conducted on very limited events, and this has led to an urgent call to improve research methods for the study of human trafficking.In Iran, despite the dangers that have occurred in the eastern borders, it threatens illegal Afghan immigrants and victims of human trafficking and causes frequent incidents with high human casualties.Not much study has been done regarding the health effects of human and fuel trafficking and how to deal with and manage it in the country. Because of the underground and hidden activity of fuel and human smugglers, it has not been possible to access the comprehensive statistics of accidents and casualties related to it; Therefore, this research intends to describe a case of high casualties caused by human and fuel smuggling in the eastern borders of the country as an example of these incidents; Therefore, in this study, we investigate a case of one of the most dangerous incidents for illegal Afghan immigrants who become victims of profit seeking by human trafficking groups on the borders between Iran and Afghanistan.