Ethnic Diversity and Perception of Urban Environment Quality in the Metropolis of Tehran

Metropolitan areas worldwide are experiencing increasing ethnic diversity, with profound implications for residents’ experiences and perceptions of urban environments. This study investigates the relationship between ethnicity and perceived urban environmental quality (PUEQ) within the context of Tehran, Iran. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research explores how different ethnic groups in Tehran construct and understand their urban surroundings. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with residents from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and patterns in participants’ perceptions. Quantitative data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using ANOVA to assess differences in PUEQ among ethnic groups. Findings reveal significant variations in PUEQ across different ethnicities. Thematic analysis identified distinct dimensions of PUEQ, including Ecological Quality, Accessibility Quality, Visual-Physical Quality, Functional-Activity Quality, Social Quality, Management-Economic Pattern Quality, Perceptual-Symbolic Quality, and Interaction of Cultural Elements and Activities with Urban Design and Planning. Turk, Kurd, Gilak, and Mazani ethnic groups exhibited distinct priorities within these dimensions. Quantitative results corroborate these findings, demonstrating disparities in perceptions of accessibility, social quality, economic conditions, and cultural integration. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between ethnicity and urban experience. By highlighting the diverse perspectives of Tehran’s residents, this study provides valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers seeking to create more inclusive and equitable cities.