Criticism of Nicholas White's Reading of Saadat Based on Sadra'i Principles

The concept of "happiness" has consistently garnered the attention of various philosophical and ethical systems. In his work, A History of Happiness, Nicholas White critically examines the historical trajectory of this concept while presenting the differing criteria employed by philosophers to define happiness. Ultimately, he concludes that happiness does not serve as an effective guide for applying diverse desires and goals. Notably, White does not explore the notion of happiness in the works of Islamic philosophers, such as Mulla Sadra. Given that Mulla Sadra's perspective on happiness and a flourishing life is grounded in his unique philosophical principles, the authors of this article aim to evaluate White's critique of conventional standards of happiness through the lens of Mulla Sadra's existential framework. This evaluation seeks to address whether the essence of happiness is clearly articulated within Sadra's philosophy or if the criticisms directed at other happiness theories, as interpreted by White, are equally applicable to Sadra's theory. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this article elucidates Mulla Sadra's understanding of happiness and its efficacy about the criteria established by other philosophers. The research findings indicate that considering the various existential levels and capacities of human beings, a degree of happiness is attainable for all.