Antibiotics Resistance Patterns &Carbapenemase Genes Distribution of Klebsiella pneumoniea in Iran:A Review Article

Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae to the latest solution (carbapenem antibiotics) distributed worldwide. The proliferation of carbapenemase genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae strains has led to their resistance to the carbapenem group. The aim of this study is to estimate antibiotic resistancepatterns and distribution of carbapenemase genes  of Klebsiella pneumoniea in Iran. PubMed, Scholar ,SID, and Iran civilica  databases were searched for the related articles that were published between 1999 and 2019. A total  of 225 articles were found, out of which 70 relevant articles were selected for complete evaluation. According to the results, the highest rates of drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae were observed against aztreonam (58%), cephalosporins family (54%), and then SXT (52%). The incidence rate of resistance was 19% for carbapenems family (IMP, MER), 37% for aminoglycosides family (GM, AN) and 41% for quinolones family (FM, CIP). Among the genes encoding CRE during 2014–2019, OXA, KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and GES were found with a prevalence of 39%, 35%, 18%, 13%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. Conclusion Carbapenem resistance and the production of the metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme in K. pneumoniae are increasing. Due to the presence of carbapenemase-producing genes and the possibility of horizontal transfer of these genes to other bacteria, combined with changing the patterns of antibiotic use, more attention should be paid to the predisposing criteria for controlling nosocomial infections.