Description and analysis of the Merv war of 1861

The 19th century is when the military developments were extensive and the forces of the Qajar era established the roots of the modern Iranian army. The current research aims to examine the strategy of the Iranian military force in the early Nasrid era in three branches of infantry, cavalry, and artillery in the case study of the last Persian war of Marv/Merv. Methodology This research is of a historical type and its research method is content analysis and historical analysis from the same period, the data of which was obtained through library activity, in such a way that different parts of the system were examined using first-class sources To obtain early knowledge of military doctrine & it's developments in the long run.the Iranian army was prepared in almost every aspect under the principles of contemporary warfare, and used the military doctrine of superior firepower, in which the firepower must be far greater than the opponent. That is, with technological superiority, it reduces the distance with the enemy's quantity.The state military of Iran was a modern force in terms of equipment, principles, and mentality, which, when combined with local levies, turned into a dual force in both performance and command. These two sides were confused due to the absence of a capable senior commander and as a result, reduced the quality of the army's performance so much that the war ended in defeat. In contrast, the command of the modern generals of the army was free of such issues.