Investigation and Evaluation of Geotourism Capabilities of Khalkhal Using Hadzik and Violet Models

The purpose of this research was to investigate the geotourism potential of Khalkhal in Ardabil Province. A case study was conducted on six areas: Haft Khaneh Cave, Nareh Gar Waterfall, Asalem-Khalkhal Road, Aznav Spring, Andbil, and Pirtaghi Suspension Bridge. The methods used in the research were the Feylot method and the Hadzik methods. The results of the Hadzik model showed that, based on the scientific value, surplus, and vulnerability as evaluated by experts and visitors to the geotourism sites, the areas were ranked as follows: Haft Khaneh Cave (36.093), Narehgar Waterfall (47.895), Asalem-Khalkhal Road (49.248), Aznav Spring (67.691), Andbil (28.965), and Pirtaghi Suspension Bridge (39.944). The highest score in this model was attributed to Aznav Spring. The results of the Feylot model indicated that, based on the sub-indices studied, the geotourism area of Asalem-Khalkhal Road received the highest score (25.11), with the other studied areas ranked accordingly. It is concluded that Aznav Spring, Asalem-Khalkhal Road, and Narehgar Waterfall have greater potential for the development of geotourism compared to the other areas.