Hot and Arid Climate, The Origin of the Persian Garden: Recognizing the Archetypal Roots of the Persian Garden Based on Climatic Strategies

The Persian Garden is one of the oldest and most well-known landscape patterns in the world, which has interacted with nature as one of the most distinguished human creations. Various factors have participated in the creation of this historical phenomenon, the investigation of each of which requires a separate study, and among them, the cultural, ritual and climatic parameters are considered to be the most significant factors in the formation of the Persian garden. In such a way that many researchers, while accepting one factor, have rejected or considered very weak the possibility of the influence of other factors in the creation of the Persian garden. Considering the wide range of arid climates in Iran, which requires finding suitable models for landscaping in this land. In addition, facing the climatic conditions and confronting the phenomenon of desertification, this paper aims to, regardless of other views, identify the climate of the first Persian gardens and determine the position of the climate in the design of Persian gardens by analyzing and criticizing different opinions in this field. The research method of the present paper is interpretative-historical in the form of content analysis in the context of library studies. By analyzing different theories and perspectives on Persian garden creation, the climatic background of the first Persian gardens and the architectural features of Pasargadae Garden as an archetype. Persian gardens, location and influence of climate in the formation of Persian gardens are shown in the context of history. The results indicate that the emergence of the Persian garden was based on climatic goals in arid regions and climate is one of the main factors in its formation.