Recognition of Interpretation of the Verse “Yadullāhi Fawqa Aydīhim” in Light of Historical Discourses and the Assumptions of Authors of Commentaries of the Holy Book of Qurʾān (Mufassirūn)

The Qurʾān is the unique and unmatched word of God. Its central role in the life of a Muslim has always made it a focal point for contemplation, understanding, and reflection. Islamic thinkers have worked diligently to understand and apply this sacred text across various aspects of life since the revelation (Arabic: , النزول Romanized: al-Nuzūl) of its first verses. The outcome of this understanding and interpretation has manifested itself in the exegesis (tafsīr) of various verses due to the differences and multiplicity of backgrounds. Verse 10 of Sūrat al-Fatḥ (Arabic: سوره الفتح) is one of these cases that has carried multiple understandings throughout history. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and content analysis level, seeks to historically and discursively trace the mentioned verse and ultimately presents the implications of the verse, without the verbal backgrounds influenced by the discourses of the authors of tafsīrs (Arabic: مفسر ; plural: Arabic: مفسرون , romanized: mufassirūn)’ era. The findings of the research indicate that in the second century, due to the proximity to the contexts of understanding and the absence of verbal backgrounds, mufassirūn did not experience ambiguity in their interpretations of the text. In the third century, Sahl al-Tustarī (Arabic: سهل التستی) engaged in the mystical interpretation of the verse, and starting from the fourth century, an allegorical perspective on the expression “ ید الل ف وق ایدیهم ” (Yadullāh fawqa aydīhim, the Hand of Allāh is over their hands) began to take shape, which was further strengthened in subsequent centuries. The significance of the verse is depicted with a focus on its context and influenced by the Divine culture (revelational culture) regarding the nature of the relationship between God and the Prophet (ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī wa-sallama) in the matter of guidance. In this discourse, the interpretation of “ ید ” (Transliterate: Yad, meaning: hand) in its true meaning is established as the hand of the Messenger (ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī wa-sallama) carrying significance, and the concept of bayʿah (Arabic: ب یعه , “Pledge of allegiance”) to the Messenger of Allāh is seen as an allegiance to God Himself, negating literary and verbal interpretations.