Reasons for Nurses' Migration: A Narrative Review

Nurse migration, as a key human resource in the healthcare system, is considered a significant challenge. In recent years, this phenomenon has reached an alarming level. This study was conducted to investigate and identify the reasons behind nurse migration.

This study is a narrative review. A systematic search was performed in reputable databases using the Persian and English keywords "migration," "migrants," "nurses," and "nurse migration." To ensure comprehensive coverage, the search was conducted without time limitations and using logical operators AND and OR. Ultimately, 36 relevant studies were selected for review.

Based on the findings, the reasons for nurse migration are divided into two main categories: Push Factors and Pull Factors. Push factors include low wages, limited educational opportunities, low job satisfaction, unstable political environment, workforce shortages, and physician dominance in decision-making. In contrast, pull factors include access to jobs with competitive wages, opportunities for professional advancement, recognition of nursing expertise, a favorable work environment, and opportunities for personal growth and development.

Nurse migration is a global challenge that requires effective managerial interventions and policymaking. The development and implementation of appropriate programs to attract and retain nurses, including improving working conditions, increasing salaries and benefits, providing educational opportunities, promoting professional development, and creating supportive and healthy work environments, can help mitigate this trend.