Re-examining the Symbolic Concepts of the Number Forty in Religious and Islamic Culture and Their Alignment with the Arba'in of Imam Hussein (A.S.)

The number forty (Arba'in) has a wide range of meanings in religious and Islamic culture. The specific concepts associated with this number have existed among the followers of monotheistic religions since ancient times, and in Islamic culture, it has been particularly expanded. Ultimately, it reached its peak in relation to the uprising of Imam Hussein (A.S.), gaining special emotional significance and sanctity. Today, Arba'in is considered a turning point in the Islamic world, especially in the Shiite world, and its concept has become intertwined with revolution. This research, using the method of library and reference-based data collection and employing qualitative content analysis (descriptive-analytical), aims to examine the symbolic meanings of the number 'forty' (Arba'in) throughout history, with an emphasis on its connection to the movement of Imam Hussein (A.S.). The findings of the research indicate that Arba'in symbolizes expectation, readiness, trial, punishment, and the manifestation of perfection in everything and every action. The significance of Arba'in and the emphasis on it have a strong and direct connection with the historical symbolism of this number as a sign of development and maturity. On this day, the mission of Imam Hussein (A.S.) and his family in Karbala, Kufa, and Shaam reached its fullness, and after enduring bitter events and overcoming difficult and painful incidents, they completed their mission of keeping the divine religion alive. Arba'in, in connection with the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (A.S.), also symbolizes perfection, maturity, and growth. The symbolic concept of trial and punishment in Arba'in, in relation to those who were heedless or indifferent to the uprising of the Master of Martyrs (A.S.), is evident.