The Potential Role of microRNAs in the Progression and Aggressiveness of Gallbladder Cancer: Molecular Markers to Therapeutic Interventions

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is among the utmost pervasive form of biliary tract cancers and remains relatively under-researched. Its prognosis is generally poor, with survival rates varying based on diagnostic stage, from 20% to 65%. The hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation of cells, migration of cells, invasion, process of programmed cell death, radio/chemosensitivity, and cancer stem cell phenotype, are all influenced by miRNAs, which have been found to be essential actuators in the process of gene expression. This review is an attempt to reveal the molecular pathways influenced by miRNAs that could be targeted for therapeutic purposes in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and also emphasizes the need for precision medicine to target potent pathways, utilizing not only inhibiting receptor or antibody but also investigating miRNAs as a potential treatment strategy.