Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationship between Interactive Leadership Style and Perceived Organizational Support with Subjective Well-Being: the Mediating Role of Psychological Hardiness

The present study was conducted with the aim of structural modeling of interactive leadership style, perceived organizational support, and mental well-being, with the mediating role of psychological hardiness in employees of the five educational districts of Tabriz. The research employed a descriptive correlational design with structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 500 employees from the five educational districts of Tabriz in 2023, from which a sample of 246 participants was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling based on Cochran's formula. Data were collected using validated questionnaires, including the Interactive Leadership Style Questionnaire (Shao et al., 2017), Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire (Allen et al., 2008), Mental Well-being Scale (Molavi et al., 2009), and Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Moreno-Jiménez et al., 2014). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling. The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship among interactive leadership style, perceived organizational support, mental well-being, and psychological hardiness. Moreover, psychological hardiness was confirmed as a mediator in the relationship between interactive leadership style, perceived organizational support, and mental well-being. These results suggest that fostering psychological hardiness can enhance interactive leadership style, perceived organizational support, and employee well-being. By promoting psychological hardiness, organizations can create healthier and more dynamic workplaces that benefit both employees and the organization. It is recommended to encourage psychological resilience and flexibility through activities designed to strengthen psychological hardiness among employees.