Recognizing Cultural Transformations in Arran during the 4th and 5th Centuries AH/10th and 11th Centuries AD Based on Literary Sources

The cultural history of Arran during the 4th and 5th centuries AH is one of the significant topics that has received little attention in the historical sources of that period, and as a result, it has not been adequately addressed in contemporary historical research. This study, written using a historical method with a cultural history approach and by referencing literary sources from this period, examines the cultural transformations in Arran during these two centuries. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the process of weakening of the dominant Arabic culture in Arran and the various aspects of the revival of indigenous culture and the spread of Iranian culture in its place. The findings of this study, while correcting and complementing some previous research, show that the Sajid, Salarid, Rawadid, and Shaddadid dynasties, from the beginning of the 4th century to the middle of the 5th century AH, expelled the governors appointed by the Abbasid Caliphate and established semi-independent states in Arran, thereby ending the hegemony of Arabic culture and language. This led to the consolidation of the region's indigenous language and traditions, on the one hand, and the spread of Iranian culture and the Persian Dari language, on the other. Additionally, the Shahnameh (Book of Kings) culture became prevalent, and ancient names such as Shapur, Anushirvan, and Manuchehr appeared alongside Islamic names like Fazl and Ali. Festivals such as Nowruz, Mehregan, and Sadeh were celebrated alongside Eid events in Islam