The effect of foliar application of zinc and iron at different times on the performance, its components and some morphophysiological traits of two varieties of dryland wheat in Gonbadkavus region

Zinc and iron are essential micronutrients for plant and human growth, due to the lack of these elements in important plants such as wheat, it is necessary to evaluate any method to optimize the production and quality of this product and achieve self-sufficiency. In order to investigate the role of zinc and iron elements in improving the yield of dryland wheat, a factorial experiment of three factors was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the agricultural year of 1401-02 at Gonbad Agricultural Research Station. The experimental factors include micronutrient elements (iron chelate 6 per thousand, zinc chelate 4 per thousand and control) in the form of foliar spraying at different growth times (pinching, stemming and seed filling) and two varieties of dry wheat (Asman and Paya). In this study, yield traits and seed yield components, biological yield, harvest index, greenness index, canopy temperature, leakage of electrolytes from the cell membrane, plant height, spike length, peduncle length and measurement of phenological stages based on Zadox, number of days until spike emergence, The number of days to maturity and calculation of day-growth degree were studied. The results showed that the two cultivars Aseman and Paya had significant differences on grain yield and harvest index, number of spikes, spike length, peduncle length, height, number of days until spike emergence, number of days until ripening and day-growth degree. Foliar treatment (iron, zinc and control) caused a significant increase in spikes per square meter compared to the control, but it did not affect grain yield, harvest index and other traits. The interaction effect of cultivar treatments at the time of foliar application had a significant effect on seed yield, biological yield and the number of spikes per square meter, and the highest amount of seed yield was obtained in the stemming stage of Paya cultivar with an average of 730 kg/ha. In general, it can be concluded that in the conditions of drought stress (rainfall less than 250 mm), the application of zinc and iron did not have a significant effect on grain yield and other traits, and the lack of moisture has reduced the development and growth of cells in dryland wheat cultivars.