A Meta-Analysis of the Factors Affecting Organizational Entrepreneurship in Iran

The modern world has become highly competitive due to the spread of technologies and tools, as well as easier access to them. In rapidly changing and developing environments, knowledge is considered an important source of value creation that can lead to the development and maintenance of competitive advantage. Competitive advantage creates a unique organizational situation, enabling companies to utilize their capacities and resources, thereby differentiating themselves from competitors. For survival, organizations must acquire the necessary abilities and adapt to change. One of the critical resources for transforming and ensuring the survival of an organization, as well as achieving its goals and mission, is innovation and entrepreneurship. These factors provide the basis for competitive advantage and distinguish the organization from its competitors, aiding its survival in the current dynamic environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the antecedents of organizational entrepreneurship using a meta-analysis approach.

This research was applied in purpose, descriptive in application, and quantitative in data type. The research population consisted of articles published in scientific journals in the field of organizational entrepreneurship in Iran from 2011 to 2024. Among them, 55 articles were included in the meta-analysis process, selected through a non-random purposive sampling method. The selected studies were analyzed using CMA2 software (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software). The reliability of identification was ensured through the agreement of referees in selecting and categorizing the research, the reliability of coding was ensured through agreement among reviewers on the use of specific concepts for coding variables, and the reliability of the significance level and effect size was ensured through agreement between two meta-analysts in measuring effect size.

The findings showed that, among the antecedents of organizational entrepreneurship, intellectual capital (0.886), knowledge absorption capacity (0.802), organizational agility (0.753), organizational intelligence (0.743), spiritual leadership (0.737), servant leadership (0.682), creative atmosphere (0.632), organizational health (0.622), quality of work life (0.608), cultural adaptability (0.587), organizational structure (0.554), marketing capability (0.516), and social capital (0.508) had high impact sizes (above 0.5). 

The variables of intellectual capital, knowledge absorption capacity, organizational agility, organizational intelligence, spiritual leadership, servant leadership, creative atmosphere, organizational health, quality of work life, cultural adaptability, organizational structure, marketing capability, and social capital are the most significant elements of organizational entrepreneurship. This meta-analysis can help make planning to promote organizational entrepreneurship more precise and operational. Instead of planning for a wide range of antecedents, efforts can focus on the variables with the greatest importance.