Utilize Polypropylene-Titanium Dioxide nano-composite, Graphene Oxide-Chitosan-Bentonite nano-absorbent, and straw to remove petroleum hydrocarbons in aquatic environments aggressively

Mitigating petroleum pollutants from wastewater is a critical concern in environmental engineering. Variousmethods are employed for the removal of these pollutants from wastewater. This research focused ondeveloping adsorbents for the absorption of PAHs from nanocomposites and natural and synthetic materials.Polypropylene fiber-titanium dioxide (PPTO) nanocomposite, graphene oxide-chitosan-bentonite (GOCB)Nano-absorbent, Straw (ST), and a combination of these adsorbents (CB) Nano-absorbents were employed toremove oil pollutants. The experiments were conducted under different acidity levels, varying concentrationsof effluent and absorbent, and other retention times. FTIR, SEM, XRD, and GC tests were performed todetermine the absorption rate. The results demonstrated that the PPRO nanocomposite and the combinationof adsorbents and exhibited the highest removal efficiency, achieving a remarkable 97% removal of petroleumhydrocarbons at a concentration of 10 mg/L. Among the other groups, Straw demonstrated a high absorptionrate of 93%, while GOCB showed the lowest rate of 80%. Furthermore, the study identified pH 10 as optimalfor PPTO and ST, whereas GOCB performed best at pH 3. Augmenting the adsorbent dosage improvedpollutant removal; however, surpassing the optimal level did not result in further enhancements. Thesefindings highlight the potential of the PPTO nanocomposite as a promising solution for eliminating petroleumhydrocarbons from oil-contaminated water, thus contributing to developing effective strategies for addressingoil pollution in aquatic environments.