The Effect of Translation and Adaptation on theDialogue among Cultures

The study of translations and adaptations and their careful assessment and the determination of their status and their effects on human reflection are related to the vast circle of important artistic principles, national originality of literature and the appearance of a noble literary work. Up to now, the preliminary studies on comparative literature show that the issue of absolute originality in the domain of creating artistic works is impossible, and that literary originality by rejecting external elements is impossible. As the hereditary elements under the influence of environment effect the nature of the formation of personality, the creation of an artistic work under the influence of culture is dependent on the dominant desires of society and culture, though with a different degree. The age of Enlightenment (the 18th century France) as a period in the European and the Eastern literary development had a great effect on the world literature, including Iran, by adaptations and translations; however, it has grown under the influence of foreign literature, especially Eastern literature at a time renowned as the Enlightenment and has influenced the world literature and thought. The article in hand studies and analyzes the social, historical, literary- aesthetic and cultural changes, by whose effect the foreign values have been adapted to the native spiritual life of the countries and have led to the evolution in the ways of life and to the belief in the relation among cultures.