An introduction to the methodology of the political thought in the Islamic civilization

Methodologies are based on epistemologies and regimes of knowledge in any civilization are the basis of ways of thinking and life of a nation, in general, and their political life, in specific. The political knowledge of the Islamic middle era, too, follows a particular regime of knowledge and depends on the same general regime of knowledge. This knowledge is characterized by human nature system, the necessity of revelation and prophecy, the religious basis of reason and philosophy, and the rational and philosophical basis of Shari’a, the world of text, the priority of text, and prevalence of political Fiqh. In addition, the nature of methodologies is dependent on nature of the basic methodology and on subjects and specific issues of a science. Finally, the paper deals with the starting point of the analysis of the nature of the political in Islamic middle, i.e. the sultanate order.