Pulmonary embolization and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in the nephrotic syndrome: A case report with successful treatment

The nephrotic syndrome is a clinical complex characterized by a number of renal and extrarenal features, The most prominent of which are proteinuria of >3.5 g per 24 h (in practice, >3.0 to 3.5 g per 24 h), hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, and hypercoagulability. These patients are at increased risk for vascular thrombosis, especially venous, and pulmonary embolization and the superimposition of separate rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis upon preexisting nephrotic syndrome has also been described. We report a 37-years old female patient with nephrotic syndrome who presented initially with pulmonary embolism and sudden and severe dyspnea. Then at follow-up who developed acute renal failure with oliguria, edema, hypertension and active urinary sediment tation with hematuria, RBC cast and dysmorphic RBC that compatible with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Nephrotic syndrome and two complications responded to treatment.