The Various Manifestations of Separation Heartaches in the Persian Lyric Literature (Iraqi style)

Separation is the foundation of lyrics. The description of this subject, the valediction moments and the result of such separations which include crying and sighing are the most attractive images in Persian literature. Generally, the concept of separation in lyrics can be divided in two parts: Separation letters (including the long and short ones) and valedictions which usually appear in three forms of complaint, praise, and description of separation. Each of these three forms has different evidences in poems such as sweetheart, hometown, family, and friends. In addition, in some elegies the poets focus on eternal valediction or the heartache of losing someone forever. In this study, the various appearances of separation heartache in lyrics are analyzed in two parts of separation letters and valedictions and further described in different kinds of poems including the couplets, ode, sonnet, and quatrain.