The effects of intraoperative normal saline versus lactated ringer solution on clinical outcomes and laboratory findings in renal transplant patients
Patients with chronic renal disease, if not treated appropriately, will be usually terminated into an irreversible stage known as End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), the final stage of kidney disease. End stage renal disease patients cannot excrete the appropriately potassium ion through the kidney. Among the crystalloid solutions, normal saline is devoid of potassium; so it is used in a widespread manner in renal transplant patients. High doses of this solution may cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis that is accompanied by extracellular potassium shift and impaired splanchnic perfusion.
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