A Survey of Interactions between Higher Education and other Systems of Production and Services

Service and production systems in new knowledge economy have been based on knowledge and technology. Higher education and university are expected to promote their capabilities for accountability, and their demands’ orientation. The time of academic ivory towers is finished. The purpose of this research was to attain a conceptual model for interaction between higher education/university and other systems of production and service. The meta-analysis method was used to synthesize and combine the results of studies and theories. The research findings show the capacities and limitations of each alternative conceptual models. These models included neoclassical theory, evolutionary theory, traditional views and network view to the innovation, late versions of the evolutionary approach, triple helix of the government, university and industry, Borrel- Damian’s model for university/industry cooperation, knowledge- technology transfer, technology license and bridging cultures theory that were examined comparatively. The research result included a synthetic desired model based on the participatory constructivism that was displayed in form of twenty six guidelines and two final models at macro and micro levels.