Proteome analysis of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under salt stress

Environmental stresses such as drought and salinity cause to reduce productivity of crops down to 50%. Harmful effects of salinity stress involve, derangement in membranes activity, increase of toxic metabolites, prevention of mineral element uptake and photosynthesis, producing Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and finally, cells and whole plant dead. In this study, effects of short term salinity stress on proteome pattern of bread wheat leaf (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. Seeds of the two varieties of wheat; salt resistant (Roshan variety) and salt sensitive (Falat variety), planted in agreenhouse and at the tilling stage, plants were exposed to 100 and 200 mM NaCl solutions. The samplings were done after 3,6,12 and 24 h of stress treatment by removing seedling leaves. Proteins extracted from wheat leaves were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Result of analysis using Melanie software showed that, 86 spots in resistant variety significantly different from control and in this variety 78% of proteins had up expression and 13.5% had down expression. In sensitive variety 94spots significantly different from control. In this variety 25% of proteins had up expression and 58.5% had down expression. Our results showed that the increasing of protein expression was corresponded with genes that responded to salinity.