The Moral Outcomes of Confrontation between Naturalism and Anti - Naturalism in Human Sciences

Since their creation, modern human sciences have been pursued as meta-theoretical patterns in the modern European history. Given the criticism leveled at religious, philosophical and metaphysical patterns on existence, man and society, these patterns have cast doubt on the possibilities of there being a transcendent existence concerning man and society, and on the ways of recognizing it such as reason and revelation, as well. These meta-theoretical patterns of modern human sciences range from positivistic naturalism to hermeneutic and postmodern anti-naturalism. Despite their radical differences as to meta-theoretical stands, they are unanimous on the confrontation with metaphysical or transcendental outlook in theoretical and practical realms. It seems that the very doubtful stand on the possibility of there being a transcendent reality about existence, man, and society challenges the patterns of modern human sciences in confronting with universal moral values whose condition of possibility of their realization, generalization, and necessity is presupposed by the fact that there is a transcendent reality.