The study of reasons of reverse immigration motivations and their effects on economical and social development: a case study of the village-dwelling immigrants in Tonekabon and Ramsar cities

This study aims to consider the reasons of reverse immigration motivations and their effects on economical and social development of villages located around two cities of Mazandaran province, i.e. Tonekabon and Ramsar. In this study, by considering the proposed theories, it is tried to investigate the main reasons of formation of reverse immigration phenomenon, such as: distance, homeland dependence, age, kind of house, income, occupation, level of education. Both survey and library (documental) research methods were applied in this study. In the present study, the quota method was used as sampling method; the distribution of proportions in this sampling was performed by simple random method among 383 immigrants resided in the villages of the mentioned cities. Independent variables of this study are comprising of distance, homeland dependence, age, kind of house, income, occupation, and level of education, whereas dependent variable is reverse immigration. To test the research`s variables, related statistics in SPSS software were used. Results indicate that there is a positive and meaningful relation between homeland dependence and income with reverse immigration, and a negative and meaningful relation between distance and reverse immigration motivation. It was found that no meaningful relation exists among age and reverse immigration motivation; moreover, there is no relation between level of education, occupation, and kind of house with reverse immigration. Finally, the analysis of relation between reverse immigration and economical and social development showed that this relation is positive and meaningful.