The Reflection of the Conditions of Dhemmi Christians in Islamic Resources (from the Early days of Islam until the Umayyad Period)

After the advent of Islam, the Christians could, according to the Holy Quran, verse 29 of Chapter 9 (the Repentance), keep on following their religion and live among Muslims provided that they paid tributes. Without making a critical study of the views of those historians who wrote about Dhemmis, especially Christian Dhemmis, the knowledge of the theoretical and practical lifestyle of the holy Prophet and the caliphs after him will be of no avail. On the other hand, it seems that following the expansion in the conquests in the Christian-populated regions and the increase in the number of Dhemmis in the Islamic society, the legal issues about Dhemmis were given more attention. The present paper investigates the condition of Christians as reflected in Islamic resources and so such resources like general and regional history books, books on biographies and battles in Islam, fiqhi resources, books on conquests and kharaj(tributes), literary books, books about king's conducts etiquette and geographical resources, have been separately studied. These studies show that contradictory accounts of the religious, social, and economic conditions of Dhemmi Christians are included in historical and fiqhi resources.