The President's Instruments to Supervise Ratifications of the Executive Power

Supervision over the ratifications of the Executive Power is of paramount importance. Enjoying financial and administrative power as well as instruments such as approval of the budget and rules such as regulations, this power has a unique role to play in the scene of citizen's rights and obligations; and for the same reason, control of and supervision over the ratifications of this Power have been always of interest. Judicial control of administrative and executive actions of this Power by the Court of Administrative Justice (Article 173, Constitution),judicial supervision over governmental regulations by the judges (Article 170, Constitution), semi-judicial supervision exerted by ational General Inspectorate (Article 174, Constitution), the state audit office (Article 55,Constitution), and control exerted by the Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly over governmental rules such as ratifications and regulations elaborated by the government as to their conformity with the Law (article 138, Constitution) are examples of the instruments designed in the legal system of our country to control actions of the Executive Power. This shows importance of control of and supervision over this Power in the governmental structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran.As far, the role played by the President of the Republic to control and supervise the ratifications of the Executive Power- headed by him-, has not been sufficiently noticed; and the point has been ignored in the writings concerning the Constitution of the Islamic Republic.The present article tries to provide a reply to this essential question: "how and by which instruments can the president supervise the ratifications of the Executive Power? The right to nullify and reject ratifications, which will be explained accordingly, and even the right todismiss the minister are among such instruments.