A review of new empowerment approaches to human resource: attitudes and dimensions

Empowerment is a new concept which was noticed by researchers in the last decade of 80. There are two different viewpoints about empowerment in the texts: mechanic and organic viewpoints. The first one knows empowerment equal to power of decision of junier levels in organization. The latter believes it as a multi-dimensional concept which is defined toward employees’ perception or beliefs to their roles in the organization. Employees’ psychological empowerment is known as a new concept of internal incentive for individuals power release and also supply opportunities to appear talents, merit, abilities and independent sense. Psychological empowerment has five dimensions: merit, comfidence, effectiveness, independent and significant sense.