The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status and identify themost significant MNA-items(Mini Nutritional assessment) to accelerate thedetermination of nutritional risk of heart-failure in elderly patients. The present research was a cross-sectional descriptiveanalytical survey on hospitalized heart- failure elderly patients (n = 225). Thesampling method was enrolled nonrandomly.The MNA questionnaires(18 items)were used for nutritional assessment. Based on the MNA questionnaire, 9/8%of the elderly were malnourished,80/9% were at risk of malnutrition and 9/3% were well-nourished. Regarding the factors related to nutritional status of heart- failureelderly patient, it is indicated that bed sore, the ability of eating, self-view ofnutritional status and self-rated health status relative to peers had significantrelationship with the nutritional status according to MNA.(P-value<0.005)Regarding high prevalence of vulnerable or malnourished hospitalized elderly,nutritional intervention is necessary.

Development of urban areas has a significant impact on the natural water cycle. Expansion of impermeable surfaces caused reduce infiltration, increase runoff volume and changes in the amount and source of aquifer recharge. The purpose of this study was to present the aquifer recharge model to determine suitable areas for urban runoff dispersal with artificial aquifer recharge approach in Urmia city. To this purpose, first groundwater recharge model was implemented. Afterwards, the potential and actual recharge map was estimated. Also, the suitable areas map for urban storm water spreading for groundwater recharge was proposed. The result shows that due to the expansion of urban areas and the increment of impermeable surfaces, the potential of direct aquifer recharge has decreased. The most aquifer recharge is through leakage from urban drinking water network, sewage wells and irrigated water returns. The actual recharge has changed according to different land use and it was between 0-28 mm/y. The greatest potential recharge was related to, bare land, open spaces, parks and agricultural land and various between 4-262 mm/y. The results indicated that in the study area, land use, impact of aeration zone and drainage net are the most important factors that affects site selection for flood spreading. Barren and agricultural land with a slop of less than 5%, areas with high thickness of aeration zone, coarse sediment and high permeable in suburban area are suitable site for groundwater artificial recharge.

Nutrition is one of the effective factors in the protection of health and the prevention of disease. Therefore، determination of the relationship between nutrition choices and health of people is emphasized. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of education and nutrition consultation on changing the unhealthy nutritional habits، and improving healthy nutrition behavior among the clients of Sardar-Jangal health center in 2012. This interventional study was performed with the participation clients of Sardar Jangal health center in 2012. The sample size was 1500 and the sampling method was census. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire included information regarding age، sex، education، employment and nutritional status. The scores between 9-11، 5-8 and less than 5، respectively، were considered as favorable، relatively favorable and unfavorable nutritional status. The participants with relatively favorable and unfavorable status were referred to nutrition education and consultation classes. At the end of the consultation classes، their nutritional status were assessed again. The data was analyzed through SPSS 21، using T-Test. In the study، 1500 clients of Sardar Jangal health center participated. The sample included 383 (25. 6%) male and 1117 (74. 4%) female. The mean age of male and female was 38. 3±21. 1 and 36. 9±17. 4 respectively. Before participating in the nutrition education and consultation classes، the nutrition status of 343 (30. 7%) of females was favorable whilst for 775 (69. 3%)، the nutritional status was unfavorable. Among 114 (29. 8%) of males it was favorable and amongst 268 (70. 2%) it was unfavorable. Between the mentioned clients، the nutrition status of 144 (20. 1%) females and 28 (12. 7%) males improved after nutritional consultation (P < 0. 001). The results showed nutritional education and consultation are effective in improving the nutritional behavior and modifying the incorrect nutritional behavior.

Individual constraints are of the factors that can effect on motor development. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor proficiency with body mass index and nutritional status in healthy boys 10-14 years old in Tehran. Statistical sample was of 120 children for BMI and 90 children for nutritional status. body mass index groups, lean, normal, overweight and obese groups nutritional status to malnutrition, average feeding and Appropriate division Who were chosen by cluster purposeful and motor proficiency was assessed using the by BOT-2 test. The results showed that the between conditions BMI, lean and normal, normal and obese, overweight and obese, there is a significant difference in motor proficiency but in other cases, the difference was not significant. As well as between conditions of malnutrition and normal nutrition, normal nutrition and proper nutrition, proper nutrition and malnutrition, there is a significant difference in motor proficiency. According to this result, body mass index and nutritional status of children in this age affects motor proficiency, which may be different BMI groups in motor proficiency in geometry and mass of body parts, mechanical factors attributed and differences in nutritional status groups to the role of food items brain growth and physical development, he said.

Assessing the spatial distribution of recharge in karstified terrains is very important for water management and protection, but it is a complex issue due to the complexity of natural conditions and water movement in karst areas, and the application of conventional methods has not provided satisfactory results in these terrains. The KARSTLOP method is a new technique to display the spatial distribution map of recharge and arrive at the statistical mean value of the recharge in a watershed. The purpose of this study was modelling the spatial distribution of recharge using the KARSTLOP method in the Tangekhosh Watershed of Bushehr Province. The zoning map of recharge areas was prepared using the KARSTLOP method in the ArcGIS software. The results were compared with the geomorphologic map of the surface karst and the height of recharge estimated by the altitudinal isotopic gradient in order to evaluate the model's accuracy in estimating the values of recharge. Altitudinal isotopic gradient was drawn using the isotopic content of precipitation samples and the height of the sampling points during the 2016–2017 period. Digital recharge map obtained by the KARSTLOP method was shown that 45 percentage of the watershed areas had more than 60 percentage of the recharge, which corresponded to the limestone formations that contained a maximum density of the karstic landforms. The height of the recharge points of the Dovin Sarmastan, Ganavi and Tangekhosh springs was estimated at 395, 376 and 429 meters, respectively, using the altitudinal isotopic gradient method, which were placed in the altitude range of 350-550 meter and it contains the maximum recharge zone (76 to 86 percentage) of the KARSTLOP method. The comparison of the KARSTLOP recharge map with that of the recharge height of the springs using the altitudinal isotopic gradient indicated that the KARSTLOP method performed acceptably in determining the maximum recharge range and the spatial distribution of recharge in the Tangkhosh Watershed.

In this study, the resistance of rainbow trout was assayed after feeding with a commercial probiotic (Bactocel®) and Manan Oligosaccharide prebiotic in challenging with hypoxia and temperature stresses. 720 fish with average initial weight of 10±2 g under 6 feeding treatments (in 3 replicates) were tested: 1) feeding with commercial food (control), 2) feeding on 100 mg Bactocel/kg feed, 3) feeding on 2.5 g Manan oligosaccharide/kg feed, 4) feeding on 5 g Manan oligosaccharide/kg feed, 5) feeding on 100 mg Bactocel and 2. g Manan oligosaccharide/kg feed, 6) feeding on 100 mg Bactocel and 5 g Manan oligosaccharide/kg feed. The results showed that intestine of fish fed on both probiotic and prebiotic contained significantly higher number of probiotic bacteria. Minimum mortality under temperature stress was observed in treatments fed on both probiotic and prebiotic (P<0.05) and maximum tolerance to anoxia stress was detected in treatments 4 and 6, significantly higher compared to control group.

The axiological basics of nutrition ethics are propositions extracted from Islamic texts that show the concept and place of values in nutrition ethics, the types of values, their precedence and characteristics, and a general and comprehensive picture of desirable values. They present the ethics of nutrition. The purpose of this research is to introduce the axiological basics of nutrition ethics from Islamic perspective. The main question of this research is: What are the axiological basics of nutrition ethics from Islamic perspective? By collecting data from libraries and using first-hand religious sources and analyzing them, the present research came to the conclusion that the axiological basics of nutrition ethics are: axiological realism in nutrition style; Paying attention to the difference between intrinsic values and other values in nutrition; separation of instrumental values from the ultimate ones; absolute and fixed values, transtemporality and translocality of values; provability of real values in nutrition; the moral values of nutrition based on objective facts; the relationship between voluntary and conscious act of eating and its result; and dividing nutritional benefits into spiritual and material ones.