Linear endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a proven modality for the diagnosis and treatment of different gastrointestinal lesions. The aim of this study was to describe the role of EUS-FNA in the evaluation of pancreatic and submucosal lesions. Over a 1-year period, in a prospective descriptive study, patients referred to Naft Hospital, underwent linear EUS. Of the 40 linear EUS performed, 32 (80%) patients had pancreatic lesions which 26 (81%) of these cases were referred for pancreatic tumor biopsy. The most of these tumors (73%) were in the head of pancreas. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in all 26 patients successfully without complications, which in 16 (61.5%) of them the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy confirmed cytopathologically. Sensitivity and specificity of this method in pancreatic lesions were 84% and 100%, respectively. Eight patients (20%) were referred because of submucosal upper gastrointestinal lesions which in 7 (87.5%) of them GIST were diagnosed. Sensitivity and specificity of EUSFNA in submucosal lesions was 100%. No adverse effect of EUS-FNA was observed. EUS-FNA is a safe method with an acceptable accuracy in the evaluation and diagnosis of pancreatic and submucosal lesions. The results of this study are similar to that reported previously from other countries. Performing this new method requires more gastroenterologists and pathologists experience as well as more support from different societies (such as gastroenterology and surgery).

Background and The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of several risk factors in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ÜGÏB) from peptic ulcers. Patients with acute ÜGÏB due to peptic ulcers and control patients with peptic ulcer disease without bleeding were enrolled. Üpper GÏ endoscopy and rapid urease test for evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection were performed in both groups. The relation of the following variables with the risk of ÜGÏB were assessed: sex, age, smoking, previous history of bleeding, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSÂÏD) use, ulcer size, ulcer location, duration of acid-peptic disease and Helicobacter pylori status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. Â total of 161 cases of ÜGÏB and 287 patients with non-bleeding peptic ulcer were enrolled in the study. Ünivariate analysis showed that smoking and duration of acid-peptic disease were not different in the case and control groups. The odds for the following factors were resulted in the logistic regression analysis: gastric ulcer / duodenal ulcer 11.90 (95% ÇÏ: 4.04-35.03), previous GÏ bleeding 7.72 (95% ÇÏ: 4.39-13.58), ulcer size 2.63 (95% ÇÏ: 1.20-5.77), NSÂÏD-use 2.21 (95% ÇÏ: 1.17-4.20), male sex 1.71 (95% ÇÏ: 1.01-2.89) and age by increasing the risk as 1.03 for every year increase in age (95% ÇÏ: 1.01-1.04). H. pylori was not an independent factor in the multivariate analysis (ÔR=0.49, 95% ÇÏ: 0.23-1.04). Çonclusion: The risk of ÜGÏB is strongly related to gastric ulcer, previous history of bleeding, ulcer size, and NSÂÏD use. Ïn an area with high prevalence of H. pylori infection, this infection may not be a risk factor for bleeding from peptic ulcers.

The grey field slug, Agriolimax agrestis L. is a pest of vegetable in northern provinces of Iran. Pest digestive enzymes are excellent targets for pesticide agents such as inhibitors. The digestive enzyme inhibitors are used for producing transgenic plants resistant to pests. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to find the nature and properties of these enzymes. In this research, the biochemical properties of α- and β-glucosidase in different parts of digestive system of A. agrestis were investigated. Results showed that the specific activity of β-glucosidases in intestine was higher than its activity in digestive glands. The optimal pH for α- glucosidase activities were 6, 5-6 and 6-7 in front parts of digestive system (esophagus and buccal bulb), intestine and digestive glands, respectively. Also, optimum pH for β- glucosidases activities were obtained as 5, 6 and 4-6 in front parts of digestive system, intestine and digestive glands, respectively. High α- glucosidases activities were found at temperature 60 °C. Also, the optimal temperature for β- glucosidases activities were 40, 50-60 and 50 °C in front parts of digestive system, intestine and digestive glands,, respectively. Estimation of kinetic parameter showed that Km values of the α-glucosidases in the front parts of digestive system, intestine and digestive glands were 2.44, 1.44 and 3.28 mM, respectively and Km values of the β-glucosidases in the front parts of digestive system, intestine and digestive glands were obtained as 1.24, 1.17 and 0.94 mM, respectively. Zymogram pattern in the native gel revealed that A. agrestis α- and β-glucosidase from digestive glands had one and two isoforms, respectively.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurs more frequency in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit. Various studies have been done in this regard. In this study, we investigated the frequency and outcome of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients admitted to intensive care unit of Urmia Emam hospital at 2015-2017.
This cross-sectional study was carried out after confirmation at the Ethics Committee of Urmia University with the aim of investigating the frequency and outcome of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Urmia Imam Hospital in during a two-year period. During this study, all hospitalized patients were enrolled during these two years and patients with brain death and GCS = 3, hospitalization period and receiving mechanical ventilation less than 48 hours and hospitalized patients due to bleeding from the digestive system were excluded from the study. Patient's profile (age, gender) underlying illness, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, mechanical ventilation duration, length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit and the hospital, prevention of stress ulcer, mortality of the patient entered the checklist and after the completion of the study, data with SPSS software, ver20 were analyzed. P Five hundred seven patients with mean age of 56.27 ± 21.25 years were studied. 52.85% of the patients were male and the rest were female. Multiple trauma and pulmonary disease and CNS were the most common kind of admission diseases. The frequency of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 12.42%. 91.12% of patients received stress ulcer prophylaxis. The frequency of mortality in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding was 27 (42.85%). There was a significant difference between the duration of mechanical ventilation and the duration of hospitalization in ICU and hospital and mortality in patients with and without bleeding in ICU (P Despite of the reception of stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients who have been admitted to the intensive care unit, upper gastrointestinal bleeding has often occurred, which can challenge the outcome of the above mentioned patients.

Stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GISTs) are uncommon and the cell of origin is actually mesenchymal. Stemming from smooth muscle, 90% of GISTs, or leiomyomas, are found in the lower two thirds of the esophagus. Typically solitary, multiple tumors (leiomyomatosis) are occasionally reported. Remaining intramural during their growth, most of their bulk protrudes toward the esophageal outer wall, with a freely-movable, normal-looking overlying mucosa. In this study, we report a rare case of esophageal leiomyomatosis treated by esophagectomy. A 70-year-old man presented with discomfort upon swallowing, dysphagia, nausea, belching and weight loss. After a barium swallow

Obesity accompanies various metabolic and immunologic changes. Evidence from epidemiological studies in animal and human has linked obesity to impaired immunity. Over the past decade it has become clear that lactobacilli and other probiotic and commensal organisms can interact with mucosal immune cells or epithelial cells lining the mucosa to modulate specific functions of the mucosal immune system.The human gastrointestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem of approximately 300–500 bacterial species comprising nearly two million genes (the “microbiome”). Indeed, the number of bacteria within the gut is about 10 times that of all of the cells in the human body. At birth, the entire intestinal tract is sterile bacteria enter the gut with the first feed. Gut microbiota composition can be different between healthy and obese persons. prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are the instruments that modulate the intestinal bacteria in man both in health and pathologic conditions with promising preliminary results on prevention and therapy of obesity and related metabolic diseases.

Major depressive disorder is a growing debilitating disease that affects nearly 280 million people worldwide. The etiology of major depressive disorder is considered multifactorial, with diet and the microbiota of the gastrointestinal system being among the most significant factors. Nutritional interventions aimed at improving the diet and modifying the microbiota of the digestive system have significant effects on the recovery of depressed individuals, whose diets often lack vital nutrients and follow inappropriate patterns. In recent decades, the importance of the microbiota of the digestive system in maintaining human mental health and the various effects of diets on its composition have been considered. The Mediterranean diet, known for its health benefits, significantly impacts the gut-brain axis. Understanding these connections can guide the development of optimal nutritional strategies for improving both digestive and mental health of humans. This study aims to provide a broad and scientific review of research on the role of the digestive tract microbiota and the Mediterranean diet in major depressive disorder.

Introduction & 40% lymphomas are extranodal and gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site. Gastrointestinal lymphomas by definition have not liver، spleen، lymph node and bone marrow involvement. The most common gastrointestinal lymphomas are MALTOMA، diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL)، burkitt، follicular and T cell lym-phoma. The most common patients are old men. The aim of this study was determination of immunophenotypes of gastrointestinal lymphoma and relationship between the site، age and immunophenotype with two years survival. In this cross sectional descriptive study 53 primary gastrointestinal lym-phoma were studied in admitted patients of Hamadan hospitals. Age، sex، and tumor immuno phenotypes (using with CD3، CD5، CD20، CD10، CD15، bcl2،?، k light chains) and two years survival were recorded. Results were analyzed using SPSS 16 and chi-square test. The most common age was 50-60 years and mild male preferential was seen. 60% were MALTOMA and 24. 5% were diffuse large B cell lymphoma. 47. 2% were in stomach and 30. 2% were in small bowel. Total two years survival was 64. 2% and in MALTOMA was 81. 2% and in DLBL was 38. 2% (P= 0. 005). In relationship between patient age and tumor site with two years survival there was no mean able relationship (P. value in first was 0. 938 and in the latter was 0. 308). The most common lymphoma was MALTOMA and DLBL. Two years survival in MALTOMA was better but age and tumor site have not relationship with two years sur-vival.