This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of sugar beet molasses on egg production, egg traits and blood metabolites of laying hens. In this experiment 192 Hy- line W36 laying hens were used from 32-43 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group, 2) 4% of sugar beet molasses, 3) 6% of sugar beet molasses, 4) 8% of sugar beet molasses. The results showed that using sugar beet molasses has significant effects on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of laying hens (P<0.05). The highest amounts of egg weight and egg mass, the highest egg production percentage, the best feed conversion, and the lowest price of feed intake for production per kilogram of egg were resulted with 6% of sugar beet molasses. Using 8% of sugar beet molasses caused the performance significantly decreased. Using 4% of sugar beet molasses improved the eggshell percentage and Haugh unit. The lowest values of blood cholesterol were obtained with 4% of sugar beet molasses. The overall results showed that using sugar beet molasses in comparison with control group using sugar beet molasses has beneficial effects in laying hens. So that laying hens had the best performance and blood cells with 6% of sugar beet molasses, whereas the best egg traits and blood triglyceride and cholesterol were obtained with 4% of sugar beet molasses.that the problem of multicollinearity within the data was associated to body weight of Yazdi camel breed and related independent variables could be fixed by the principal components analysis. Among the independent variables, body height and abdominal circumference had the highest and lowest coefficient in estimating the body weight of Yazdi camel, respectively. It suggested that the principal components analysis be used when there is the problem of collinearity in multivariable linearly regression analysis because of more precise estimation than least squares method. Also this method can help to the breeders to select the best animals by predicting the precise value of some important traits and selecting the best independent variables for predicting the traits.

Some species of earthworms have great ability to breakdown the organic wastes and transform them to vermicompost. It is very important to optimize the growth conditions and earthworms reproduction to achieve high efficiency in vermicompost production. In this study the effect of aeration, soil and sugar beet molasses on the number of adult and juvenile worms, cocoons and earthworm biomass were studied in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments. Sugar beet molass had the highest influence on the number of adult and juvenile earthworms, cocoon and biomass. Aeration had a significant effect on the number of juvenile worms, cocoons, and earthworm biomass, although it had negative effect on adult worms. Treatments with soil increased the number of cocoons and biomass significantly, however, had no significant effect on the number of adult and juvenile earthworms. The highest amount of earthworm biomass was obtained during the seventh and eighth weeks of experiment and decreased afterwards. The earthworm growth rate in treatments with sugar beet molass was much higher than control.

The aim of the research was to decrease of colorants, turbidity and impurities such as phenol, anthocyanin and protein along with increasing clarity of sugar beet final molasses for preparation liquid invert sugar. For this purpose, effect of pH at 3 levels (8.9, 7 and 4.5) and activated carbon at 4 levels (0.609, 0.783, 1.131 and 1.827 g), on characteristics of color, turbidity, clarity, total phenol, total anthocyanin and protein of sugar beet molasses solution were investigated. The first experiments showed that polymeric colorants of molasses solution are from types of caramels and melanoidins with high molecular weight of 2500 Dal. In the second stage of studies determined that decreasing molasses solution pH from 8.9 to 4.5 along with 0.011 g activated carbon, color 42.24%, turbidity 21.43% decrease and clarity 33.57% had increased. In the third stage, determined that with increasing activated carbon amount from 0.609 g to 1.827 g at pH 4.5, color 88.31%, turbidity 100%, total phenol 76.52%, total anthocyanin 86.39% and protein 98.51% decrease and clarity 75.83% had increased.

Microbial corrosion is a leading deterioration mechanism in concrete wastewater conveyance systems. The aim of this paper is controlling this type of corrosion in steel reinforced concrete sewers by electrodeposition of copper oxide on concrete. Electrodeposition process was tested in two ways: direct and pulse current. Therefore, a pilot study conducted on eight mock pipe specimens and the specimens were characterized by field scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption tests. The results showed that the percentage of copper deposited in the pores of concrete depends on the type of current and electrolyte solution. Atomic absorption results presented that the percentage of copper oxide deposit in direct current method was more than the pulse current, although the scanning electron microscope images showed that in pulse deposition the size of the particles were smaller than direct mode and the number of holes in concrete is less. Moreover, the effect of beet molasses addition on electrolyte solution was studied and the experimental data revealed that the use of beet molasses could have removed and reduced Cu (II) ions from the electrolyte solution.

In order to evaluate the effect of substrate and enrichment material on biological efficiency (BE) and other physical and chemical propertiese of medicinal mushroom shiitake (Lentinula edodes) an investigation was perfomed as factorial experiment in completely randomized designe with four replications in Khorramabad city of lorestan continent Iran. Experimental factors were substrate in three levels, 1- chikpea straw 2- sawdust 3- wheat straw, and enrichment material in four levels, 1- sugarcane bagasse 2- sugarbeet molasses 3- rice brane and 4- control (without enrichment). Result indicated that BE of mushroom for substrate was 72% and 48% higher than chickpea and wheat straw respectively. Rice bran enrichment had the significant effects on BE and was increased BE by 56% incomparision to control treatment. Enrichment treatment of sugarcane bagasse and sugarbeet molasses had not significant effect on mushroom BE. Among the substrates sawdust with 57.7% had the highest carbohydrate levels in shiitake mushroom. The highest level of carbohydrate (63.3%) was belongedto rice bran enrichment that had significant differences whit control and two others enrichments. Substrate had not significant effect on mushroom lipid. The highest level of mushroom lipid (3.3%) was attributed to rice bran enrichment. Rice bran enrichment was increased mushroom lipid by 65, 57 and 50% incomparision to control, sugarbeet molasses and sugarcane bagasse respectively.

In this research, response surface methodology based on 3-factor 5-level central composite design was used to determine the effect of refining pretreatment variables on quality indexes of beet molasses. Hence, the effect of bentonite concentration (2-10 g/L), gelatin concentration (0.01-0.1 g/L) and pH (3-7) on turbidity, color, concentration of colloids (CCs) and ash of beet molasses were studied and well fitted by a quadratic polynomial model (R2 > 0. 85). The results showed that the pH was the main factor affecting the purification indexes as it had a significant effect on all responses. Bentonite and gelatin as two common clarifying agents improved the quality of molasses, although the ability of bentonite was much higher. The optimum condition for purification pretreatment was found as 8.3 g/L for bentonite, 0.08 g/L for gelatin and 4.03 for pH which were determined on minimization of the turbidity, color, concentration of colloids (CCs) and ash. At this condition, the turbidity, color, ash and concentration of colloids were calculated as 12.1 NTU, 2573 IU, 2.7, 0.9 g/L respectively.

In order to evaluate efficiency of repellent substances for honey bee protection in poison’s environments, an experiment was carried out with molasses as a repellent. In all treatments of this experiment, were used 400 liters of water, 3 liters of phosalon and different concentration of molasses (including 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 liters/hectare). For evaluation the effect of molasses repellency in field condition, insect pollinators were collected 3, 8, 24, 72 hours and 7 days after spraying. Numbers of honey bees in each plot were counted separately. This research was done in spilt plot design with six treatment, five replicate and five sampling time. The result showed that significant differences between treatments in different times and also between mean of treatments in all of the times (P<0.01). Based on the obtained results average of honeybee collected in all of the time in the treatment of 15 and 12.5 liters per hectare were significantly higher than other treatments. Repellency effect of 15 liters molasses per hectare was significantly higher than other treatments three and eight hours after treatment. So, application of 15 liters molasses per hectare was recommended in chemical times.

Bioethanol is used as substitute fuel to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, ensure energy security and reduce the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption to the economy and the environment sugar beet Malass are very good raw materials for ethanol production due to their content of fermentable sugars, which can be directly used for fermentation without any modification. Previous studies have shown that Selenium enriched yeast (Se-yeast) is a good carrier for selenium biotransformation. Therefore one of the most economical sources of organic selenium is yeast grown in a selenium-enriched culture medium. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of selenium on the yield of bioethanol production and achieve the bioethanol with highest concentration, and compare the concentration of produced bioethanol, using S. cerevisiae, at obtained optimum condition with and without using selenium. For preparation of the growth media molasses was sterilized. After addition of the 0.3 g of the S. cerevisiae strain, SFO6 for the nutrition in molasses as fermentation media was enriched by addition of 500 and 250 ppm of (NH4)2HPO4 and urea, respectively and different amount of selenium (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 μg).The effect of different amounts of selenium and molasses on bioethanol yield was investigated. Obtained results revealed that maximum bioethanol concentration (80g/L) was achieved using 20μg selenium and molasses with 25°Bx. S. cerevisiae is a good option for increasing bioethanol production efficiency from selenium-enriched sugar beet molasses