This article aims to investigate how explained the relation between the one and the pluralities in Early Pre-Socratic philosophers' thoughts. Discussion of the one\the pluralities matters especially introduced in the discussion of the relationship between the one principle and the coming to be of beings as the pluralities that they are pendent on that one principle. Early Pre-Socratic philosophers after accepting the one principle, proceed to explain the relationship between the one\the pluralities in different manners. We can classify these explanations in three mainstream. In the first stream both the one principle and the pluralities or beings accepted by Thales, Anaximenes, and Anaximander. In the second stream despite the fact that being of the one\the pluralities accepted, Xenophanesian and Heraclitusian understanding of the one principle somehow leads to recognizing that positing the one principle is not consisting with acceptance of pluralities. In the third stream that Parmenides is a most basic representative of it, being of pluralities absolutely denied. It should show that how throughout these three streams, concepts of "one", "pluralities" and "relationship" between the one and the pluralities developed and extend and provide the context for maximal dehiscence of monism attitude to the principle.

One of the most common ways to use flare gases is to convert it into valuable products such as gasoline and other products. process of gas transformation to gasoline(FGTG), consist of 5 units: 1) gas sweetening unit, 2) sulfur recovery unit, 3) synthesis gas production unit, 4) methanol synthesis unit, 5) methanol conversion to gasoline unit. simulating different scheme of (FGTG) process aiming to reduce greenhouse gases, increasing productivity and reducing energy consumption and effective operational parameter sensitivity analysis one of the important goals of this literature. Suggested New schemes for conversion of flare gas to gasoline, in order to reduce greenhouse gases and increases of productivity, a Combined membrane–reverse water gas shift reaction unite(Membrane + RWGS) or reverse water gas shift reaction unite membrane without separation (RWGS) recommended besides of (FGTG) unit. Finally, the basic model layout will be compared with the two new ones. By sensitivity analysis, it was found that the FGTG process with the Combined membrane–reverse water gas shift reaction unite has the highest product yield and the highest energy consumption compared to other compositions.

Currently, there is no precise and all-encompassing model available for evaluating the translation unit in the translation of the Quran. To attain such a model, it is necessary to first analyze the effectiveness of the components of the translation unit. In this new study, we aim to examine the translation unit used in translating the Holy Quran. This essay starts off by looking at how translation theorists have approached the idea of translation units. Following that, a thorough study and analysis of the translation units utilized by Quran translators in Iran have resulted in critiques of their effectiveness in interpreting the Holy Quran. In this study, alongside the utilization of translation units suggested by Western theorists, an additional groundbreaking unit was employed—a sub-word unit—which has not yet been utilized by any translation theorists in the Western context as a recognized translation unit. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the translation unit. The examined translations include Moezi, Payandeh, Makarem Shirazi, and Ansarian's translation. The research findings indicate that the translation of the Holy Quran can be approached using several units, such as word unit, sentence unit, thinking unit, text unit, culture unit, and even units smaller than a word. The choice of unit depends on the specific context of each verse and the perspective of the translator. The percentage of sentence unit usage among the mentioned translators is higher than that of other units. Based on the research findings, it is not permissible for translators to make any modifications to the content of the Qur'an during translation. Therefore, the recommended translation unit for the Holy Qur'an is the sentence unit, which has proven to be the most impactful.

Curriculum planners are always looking to revise curriculum content. The "Arabic language teaching" curriculum in 2016 was revised by Farhangian University and replaced the "Arabic language and literature secretary" curriculum. Considering the effect that the curriculum has on improving the level of knowledge, skills and attitudes of students, it is necessary to be scrutinized. Therefore, the present study seeks to address the pathology of the curriculum in this field. The research information was obtained through documentary studies and by using quantitative and descriptive methods and using the researcher-made questionnaire in a statistical population consisting of professors of Farhangian University of Tehran, in a purposeful and comprehensive manner. The results show that the most important quantitative changes have been the reduction of the share of specialized units from 93 units to 54 units and the increase of the share of educational courses. A significant reduction in the units of texts and history from 46 units to 8 units, and the reduction of language skills units from 36 units to 20 units are among the new weaknesses of the new program. Increasing the internship units from 4 units in two semesters to 8 units in four semesters and defining thematic-educational courses and teacher work experience are among the strengths of this program.