Landslides are among the most dangerous and hazardous natural hazards in mountainous areas, which are mainly caused by earthquakes or rains, destroying people's lives and property every year. The increasing population and expansion of human settlements in mountainous areas, the difficulty of predicting the time of landslide occurrence, and the numerous factors contributing to the occurrence of this phenomenon, reveal the necessity of landslide hazard zoning.Landslide hazard zoning is crucial for quick and safe actions and strategic planning for the future. Therefore, scientific study of landslide phenomena and risk zoning mapping are important on the one hand to identify landslide potential areas in human activities area and on the other hand to identify safe locations for development. New habitats or other human uses such as roads, power and energy paths, power plants, etc., are of interest to planners at various scales.Golestan province in the north of Iran, with 200 registered mass movements, is one of the most active landslide areas, which is not excluded from the study area between Tuskestan forest to Gorgan. The present study, while zoning the landslide risk in the study area, evaluates and compares fuzzy operator zoning methods using two methods (Qs) and (P), has provided a suitable model for the assessment and evaluation of landslide risk. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to select an appropriate and optimal model of fuzzy set of operators for mapping landslide hazard in the study area.

The zoning and preparation of landslide hazard maps in this study is based on the integration of landslides with effective criteria in landslide events. Initially, the landslide distribution data were collected in the study area, then transformed into sliding zones using high spatial resolution satellite imagery and Google Earth images.The layer obtained from landslide zones as the most important layer used in the present study is the dependent variable in the implementation of zoning models. Then, the parameters affecting the occurrence of landslides in the distance between Tuskestan forest to Gorgan were identified. Effective layers include elevation, slope, aspect, distance to road, geology, distance to river, land use and vegetation extracted from maps and images and then processed using various functions in Arc GIS software.After preparing these layers as effective variables, they were integrated with the landslide layer. integration and overlap layers were performed using the gamma function, which is a combination of multiplication and multiplication fuzzy multiplication, using the Raster Calculator tool in Arc Map environment. Next, the relative weight of each factor and its related classes was calculated using frequency ratio model. Then, after determining the final weights of the layers, by crossing the zone landslide map and hazard zoning maps, we evaluate and compare landslide hazard zoning methods using the Quality Sum Method and (Qs) and accuracy (P) were investigated and a suitable model was selected according to the study area.

Investigation of the results of fuzzy membership values (frequency ratio) and relationship between factors affecting landslide occurrence and landslides occurred in the study area shows that the lowest and highest altitudes were highest and lowest, respectively. The fuzzy membership of the effective slope classes indicates that as the slope increases, the threshold of slope instability also increases and the likelihood of mass movements such as landslides is increased.The north aspects play a more effective role in generating landslide motions due to their higher rainfall and moisture content. Zones with marl formations have the highest fuzzy membership among the other lithological units in the region. In terms of vegetation density factor, fuzzy membership value of 1 was obtained for parts of the region with lower vegetation density. The effective factor of the distance to road shows its prominent role in the occurrence of landslides with fuzzy membership values obtained for its different classes; the less than 250 m distance of the road having the most The fuzzy membership value is the lowest fuzzy membership category with distances greater than 1,800 meters. The combination of landslides in the stream network density layer indicates that the highest landslide distribution is in the low density class (1200 - 75 m / km 2) per unit area. Therefore, zones with loose formations close to the road have greater potential for landslides. As the study area has this discrepancy and the impact of most road and geological factors has overshadowed how other factors are affected.The zoning map with 0.7 gamma shows that the area of very high risk zone between Tuskestan forest to Gorgan is 0.47, high risk zone 0.82, medium risk zone 1.65 and relatively low classes risk and very low risk are 2.54 and 8.95 square kilometers, respectively. the landslide hazard zonation map with 0.8 gamma, the areas of very high, high, medium, relatively low and very low risk areas were 1.05, 1.74, 2.56, 4.43 and 4, 63 km2, respectively. The area of these zones in the zoning map with 0.9 gamma are 1.19, 1.94, 2.49, 4.62 and 4.18 km2, respectively. The value of Quality sum (Qs), which compares and evaluates the methods compared to each other, indicates that the 0.7 with 2.42 fuzzy gamma operator has the highest Qs among the other gamma operators. Therefore, this operator is introduced as the optimal operator in landslide hazard zonation of the study area.

The results show that zones with loose formations, close to the roads and zones with higher rainfall have more potential for landslides. Also, the results of the modeling using selected methods showed different accuracy of them in preparing the final map of landslide zoning in the study area. But Fuzzy Gamma Operator with Landau 0.7 has better utility in landslide zoning than other methods presented. Therefore, any planning and management of the environment should be done according to the results of this model.

Landslide is one of the most important agents of soil erosion and occurrence of natural disasters that causes annualy damage in Iran. Morphotectonic indices and landslide hazard zonation models have been increasingly used in the study of slope instability. The purpose of this study was to assess the zoning of landslide hazard at the Chergh Veis Dam Watershed of Kurdestan using the IRAT (LNRF) model and comparative comparisons of them using the cross-sectional table technique and landslide hazard zonation assessment indicators. The results of the IRAT evaluation indicate that 77.77% of the landslides are in the tectonic category; however, using the LNRF model, 64.05% occur in areas with a very high potential that is consistent with the sub-basins with the highest number and large slip density. Moreover, more than 91.64% of the total area of landslides occur in high risk areas and within less than 1000 meters of each other. An analysis of the cross-sectional tables indicate that both zoning models occur in the middle class risk assessment with an acceptable compliance, but on the high risk side duo to the faults' alignment with landslides, the IRAT model is more accurate. The total quality indicators as the LNRF model, 2.16 % indicates that the model performance is better for zoning the landslide risk in the catchment area of the Kesht-e-Wis Dam. It is suggested that any land use change and planning to exploit the landform of the dam watershed be in accordance with the land risk mapping guidelines.

Identifying areas with different potential to landslide occurrence is one of the primitive actions in natural resources management. In view of importance of recognizing appropriate method to estimate landslide, in this research, the efficiency of two methods of landslide hazard zonation including methods of Mora and Varson and Multivariate regression were compared. In this research, first, layer of landslide was created in Arc GIS using aerial photographs with scales of 1:20000 and 1:50000, field monitoring and GPS. To zone landslide hazard in research area using methods of Mora and Varson and Multivariate regression, efficient layers for each method were created. After creating and weighting each layer, research area zonation to be done. Assessment of results of different models using quality sum index (Qs) and correlation coefficient shows that Multivariate regression is the best model in zonation of research area from the view point of the landslide hazard. According to the Multivariate regression, research area was separated to six classes of landslide hazard. Therefore we can manage the basins and fighting with landslide hazard by less cost and time By selecting the best method.

Identifying areas susceptible to landslide through risk zoning is one of the most effective and necessary measures to reduce potential hazards and manage risk. In order to zoning the risk of landslide in Salavat Abad basin, slope, gradient, geology, land use, rainfall, distance from the river, distance from the fault, distance from the road were used for landslide risk zoning. The standard fuzzy layers are overlapped and organized in the GIS environment, and then the weight of effective factors is calculated by the ANP model and applied to the information layers for the GIS environment. By overlapping them, the landslide landslide zoning map in 5 floors is very sensitive, High, medium, low, and very low. The results of this assessment showed that the total area of the Salavat Abad Basin with an average risk area of 804.77 ha (32.18%). Among the eight factors surveyed, the incidence of landslide was the gradient with weight (0.224) and the geological criterion with weight (0.194), the highest weight, and the distance from the fault with weight (0.036), the criterion of distance from The river with weight (0.058) and precipitation with weight (0.056) had the lowest weight for zoning the risk of landslide. The greatest risk of landslide is towards the slopes of the south, south east and east. Also, slopes higher than 10% had the highest risk of landslide.