This study aimed to investigate rural women's awareness and use of from rural ICT services offices. The statistical population consisted of 5018 over 15- year- old literate rural women in 16 villages with ICT offices in Shahreza County. Using Cochran formula, 190 rural women were selected as sample and stratified proportional sampling randomly questionnaire distributed by stratified sampling with proportional allocation in the villages. The results shows the highest level of awareness of the services are awareness of basic services, social services, educational services, information services and financial services respectively and the highest referring to the offices are to receive basic services, information services, social services, educational services and economic services respectively. The results of the Friedman test showed a significant difference between rural women's awareness of five groups of services at 1 percent confidence in a way that their highest awareness is of basic services and their least awareness is of financial services. Furthermore, there is significant difference between rural women's referring to ICT offices to receive five groups of services at 1 percent confidence in a way that their most referring to ICT offices is to receive basic services.

Urban stress is an important cause of physical and mental diseases in cities and access to urban services is one of the most important issues of today's urban planning. Therefore, urban planners and designers must pay special attention to them in their plans and designs. However, even though many studies have separately addressed urban stress and access to urban services in recent years, no study has been conducted to explain the relationship between the two. For this purpose, the present research was conducted to explain the relationship between urban stress and access to services in District 8 of District 1 in Tehran municipality, which is the most stressful district in this region according to experts. The research findings reveal that the value of the correlation coefficient between the independent and dependent variables is 0.790, which indicates a high correlation between access to services and urban stress. Moreover, the adjusted or modified coefficient of determination shows that 61% of the total changes are the stressfulness of the living environment of people dependent on access to urban services in their lives. Additionally, by using beta coefficients, indicators of access to green space, educational services, religious services, sports services, medical services, and transportation services are respectively the most important service indicators affecting the stress of citizens. Also, access to green space services, sports services, and religious services reduces citizens' stress, while proximity to educational services, transportation services, and medical services increases their stress. As a result, urban stress can be significantly reduced by paying special attention to the design and planning of educational services, transportation services, and medical services, as well as improving access to green space services, sports services, and religious services.

Services are increasingly important in the modern economy, for both service and manufacturing firms, yet inventory literature has been focused mainly on physical goods and, only a few studies have included services in optimization. On the other side, traditional service management literature relies on an extremely narrow definition of inventory that excludes services, because they are perishable. Thus, there is a lack of research in the link between inventory optimization and service management. However, according to a new service inventory approach, businesses components such as tasks or information, as different from physical goods, can be performed and stored in anticipation of service demand as a form of service inventory—that is, inventorying by anticipation rather than delaying the service. This article aims to contribute to this lack of research by proposing a service inventory optimization model that integrates a service orientation to optimize tasks and information to be performed in advance. In contrast with traditional inventory models, where the objective is to optimize physical items, in this approach physical products whenever included, constitute only mechanisms for service provision. This service inventory model contributes to optimize the quantity of tasks or information to be anticipated and thus provides benefits for customers.

Today, the continuous changes in customer requirements are the main challenges faced by enterprises. Service-oriented architecture is considered as a practical solution to solve this problem for service-oriented enterprises. In the service-oriented architecture, selection and composition of services to quickly respond to complex customer requirements is available to service-oriented enterprises. Enterprises use ready-to-use and outsourced services to respond more quickly to the complex and changing needs of customers. One of the emerging technologies in this area is web services. By expanding the desire of enterprises to use web services, overtime web services providers increased. For this reason, Web services with the same functionality and different qualities were expanded. Therefore, the issue of choosing a web service with the best quality for enterprises is important. On the other hand, enterprises with only one web service cannot meet the complex requirements of customers; therefore, they need to composite multiple web services together. In addition, with the increase of web services with different functions, correlation, dependency and conflict between Web services also expand in their composition. But so far, there is no way to choose the best web services based on the quality of service(QoS) and also their composition does not violate the dependency, conflict and correlation between web services. In this paper, we try to make use of previous methods that consider dependency or conflict or correlation in simple modes of web services composition. We will improve all these methods in a comprehensive approach and support complex situations that may arise from the composition of web services and find the suitable composite web service by considering dependency, conflict, and correlation between Web services.

By rapid development of Web envirement, using of Web has changed. Presenting the data and process using Web services technology is one of the most significant changes. Web services are Independet of operating system, Web browser and programming languages; also these services can present data in a standard format such as XML. One of the most important types of information is spatial data. Therefore, Web services are used for search, access, integrate, process and visualize spatial data from different data sources. Spatial Web services by supporting 3D spatial data are known as new generation of Web services. This research investigates capabilities of current 3D Spatial Web Services: Web Feature Service (WFS), Web View Service (WVS), Web Terrain Service (WTS) and Web 3D Service (W3DS). Next, these Web services are compared based on three criterias: overall architecture, presentation capabilities and level of user interaction. Finally, based on these comparisons and review, we propose several applicatons for each 3D spatial Web services.

Service failure is an integral part of service delivery and will undoubtedly occur many times for any business. Service failure in B2B markets causes irreparable damage to businesses, and in order to prevent this damage, it is necessary to identify service failure and find suitable services for every business. Therefore, the main goal of this research is a framework for the failure and recovery of services in the B2B market according to the literature in this field. The method of this research is qualitative and using a systematic review approach. In this research, 370 articles were reviewed and finally, after several stages of screening, 35 articles were selected and evaluated for the final analysis. The findings of this research include seven main categories including the field of B2B service failure, types of B2B service failure, consequences of B2B service failure, B2B service recovery mechanisms, customer evaluation of service recovery, B2B service recovery consequences, and finally the conditions and variables that intervene in the failure process. and recovery of B2B services was identified. Also, 24 sub-categories and 66 sub-categories were identified. Finally, suggestions for future researches were presented.

Technology-based firms face many challenges at the start of their activities, which multiply their need for support. Therefore, providing services to them based on their main feature, i.e. technology level, will lead to the purposeful use of limited available resources. In this study, we identified six groups of services required by the firms located in science and technology parks (STP), including financial, knowledge, management, welfare, marketing and legal services. This groups of services were divided into 35 subgroups based on library studies and interviews with experts and a needs assessment survey from the firms located in Tarbiat Modares Science and Technology Park. The correlation between technology readiness level (TRL) and services required by the firms was tested. Based on the results, the technology readiness level correlates with five groups of services, except financial services. In order to design the support packages, we used Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method to weight the five service groups in the first stage, and 35 subgroups of services in the second stage. According to the results, the most service groups required by the firms based on TRL1-3, TRL4-6 and TRL7-9 are respectively knowledge services, legal services and marketing services

Introduction Government ‘e-service’ as a subfield of the e-government domain has been gaining attention to practitioners and academicians alike due to the growing use of information and communication technologies at the individual، organizational، and societal levels. On this basis، an integrated system of e -service-oriented (ICT) focused on the goods to services، product information، advertising and mass transfer is needed. E-services، intended as services provided through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a recent technological innovation، which is designed to provide real-time، anyplace، 24/7 accessibility and high quality value added services at individual، organizational and societal levels. - Research Questions The questions that this research going to replay are: What are the most important spatial parameters influencing the site selecting of Electronic service comeliexis in the Tehran metropolitan? Which factors is the most value-weighted index of spatial pattern of electronic services in Tehran Metropolitan? - Research Aims and questions The purpose of this research is based on selecting the optimum area for to locate the e-service centers in Tehran by using model of AHP is with combination with ARC GIS10. 1. Also the extraction of effective factor for sitting of Electronic service centers in the Tehran metropolitan is the target of resaerch. 2- Materials and Methods Regarding to topic of research، area of study and complicated existence of city as a spatial and social system، use of different methods and techniques with title of Compound Method is essential. In this study، indicators were extracted by Delphi technique and the studying of records. After weighting of parameters by AHP، the selected indicators were converted to distances maps in GIs software. Finally the final map of optimal area for electronic service centers in Tehran mega city Were prepared. 3-Theoretical framework During the last decade substantial progress has been made in the research and development of methods for the efficient allocation of urban services. This theoretical framework addresses the planning issues of Electronic services locations and service allocations offering several relevant implications for planners، citizens and regulators. In the fact urban service sector is facing important challenges and needs to re-think how services can be oriented towards the creation of public value and user empowerment. On this basis، an integrated system of service-oriented e (ICT) focused on the goods to services، product information، advertising and mass transfer is formed that have two-way conversation and service providers in metropolitan and urban variety of services and convenience of the services with increasing the service efficiency and maintain the satisfaction of citizens. 4- Results and findings The paper provides a framework for investigating electronic service accessibility problems of the previous locations decisions in the primary E services at the city level taking into account the efficiency and equity objectives. Further، we apply a reallocation procedure in a more realistic way via the use of GIS and evaluate the results with a case study. The finding show that sitting of integrated electronic services in Tehran metropolitan is significantly affected by the multifunctional position Tehran and the population density and access to streets got the highest weigh for locating the e-service centers in Tehran. Finally the establishing of electronic services in Tehran can have a large role in developing of worn fabrics.

Recognition and evaluation of wetland ecosystem services and ecological coherence can be effective in the supply and sustainability of services at different levels. In this regard, the current research has evaluated the ecosystem services of Zarivar wetland by using the rapid assessment ecosystem services approach and the millennium ecosystem services assessment framework for the sustainability and development of its services. In order to evaluate the services in four categories of provisioning, regulating, cultural, and support services, the rapid evaluation approach of Ramsar Convention services was used. Data collection was based on interview tools and questionnaires from local experts, experts from wetland-related institutions, and members of environmental associations in the region, 55 of whom were purposefully selected. The Ecosystem Service Index (ESI) was used to compare and score the importance of services. The results showed the positive potential of Zarivar wetland in all 4 categories of services, such that cultural services have the highest positive potential (ESI=0.66) and supporting services (ESI=0.57), regulating services (ESI=0.42) and provisioning services (ESI=0.38) were in the next place. The comparison of services provided at different levels showed that most services were reported locally. The correlation test showed a positive and significant relationship between different wetland ecosystem services, which causes synergy between its services. The results of applying the rapid assessment approach can be used in local and national policy frameworks and decision-making processes.

Computational Grids have developed as a new approach to solve large scale problems in scientific، engineering and business areas. Open Grid services architecture is an adaptation of the service-oriented architecture which presents the Grid operation a set of service-oriented softwares. Grid services composition provides the possibility for users to submit their complex requirements as a single request. QoS-aware Grid service composition algorithms try to construct a composite Grid service which satisfies the user-defined constraints as well as to optimize the QoS parameters. All of the presented service composition approaches in the literature discard using the Grid services with unknown QoS values in the composition process. However، estimation of unknown QoS values of Grid services provides an opportunity for them to be selected as component Grid services in the constructed composite service. In this paper، a probabilistic QoS model is presented for estimating the unknown QoS values using Bayesian network. Experimental results indicate that estimating the unknown QoS values has high accuracy and leads to more efficient composite Grid services.