نشریه راهبرد توسعه
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، تابستان 1394)

Theories of regional policy approach to delegating authority to the regions in economic literature, with the goal of increasing the efficiency of government and regional development balance is taken in to consideration. Decentralization of administrative, economic, financial and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, especially after the war as a strategy to develop the country's provinces were cons Establishment of provincial administrative institutions, decentralization of government functions, construction and real estate development, investment-linked funds each province to earn the title of provincial revenues and transfers from the central government to provincial institutions in the planning and budgeting of the most important approaches are considered as the thirddevelopment plan in terms of Chapter VIII titled measures of revenue – expenditure system and changes in the development Plan continued. Third and Fourth Development Plan prepared by each province, each province developed a national document preparation, document preparation of the annual budget of each province to identify, evaluate and approve priorities, preferences and needs of each state and assign them to the provincial budget, preparation of development plans and in some cities in four provinces, each province developed a theory developed estimates of revenue sources, evaluate and recommend new sources of revenue for the province, suggesting improved methods and current income in each province and provincial development budget allocated to each project and set important and effective administrative and financial activities of the institutions of the province during the third and fourth development were found.

Making balance among different geographical zones in regard to facilities and services is one the indicators of development. For making this balance and forming homogeneous spaces, the subject of local planning has attracted lots of attention. The first step in local planning is study of lack of equilibrium in economical – social aspects in different zones. The aim of this study is to determining development aspects in different cities of Esfahan’s provinces. The research approach is a mixture of descriptive and analysis approaches. 44 indicators in 5 sections of fundamental, health, communication and education, has been studied in this paper which are extracted from statistical results of 1385. The Preston statistical method is one the main methods on this study. The results of this research show that gap among cities in 44 indicators is very deep and the ratio is about 28. The results also show that Esfahan has the most of benefits (the coefficient of 901.13 for central indicator) and the Khomeini Shahr by the coefficient of 31.33 for central indicator is the poorest city.

The level of development of criminal justice system has a strong connection with the development of societies. On this basis, this system as the physical, human and process body of criminal policiesis taken into consideration in development programs of Islamic Republic of Iran and other goals and strategies facing the criminal justice system. By evaluation of policies of these programs, Indicators that can be extracted are as follows: Human Resources Development (Contains the elements of Morality, Empowerment, Removing the offences) and Development of process tools (Contains the elements of Improving access, Increasing speed and Diversion). In these programs, as well as, the prison system had a special place and generally two doctrines of functionalism and Minimalism can be understood from these programs. Regardless of the concerns of law development programs, it is necessary to considering the other fundamental issues which can be considered as development tool, Including; Limiting the intervention of the prosecutor to pursue the public interest, Guarantee the defend rights of the accused and victim and others, during the criminal process, Guarantee the defend rights of persons in the quasi-judicial bodies and governmental committees or bodies to deal with violations.

Food or nutrition is one of the most fundamental and important needs of human societies and its availability and affordability are located in the nucleus of human activities. One of the policies that has affected the nutritional condition in the urban and rural areas is implementing subsides. Subsides refer to and transactional payment for supporting the low income and improving their condition of income distribution. Food subsides in fact aims to lower the expenses of life for some foods or increasing the production costs of crops and reaching to independence in food production. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the food consumption of people in a city (thecentral part or markazi part) and the villages of Shib Ab town after implementing the subsidies in Zabol. The methodology is descriptive –analytical and is based on gathering the questionnaires completed by the heads- of- families in both city and village. The size of the sample population is 383 head- of- families from which two- third and one-third was completed randomly in city and villages, respectively. Man Whitney test was also used for analyzing the data. The obtained results of this test with regard to the completed questionnaires and the man whitney amount of the villages, 0.11010 and city, 005.15474 and the significant level, 000. Showed that the nutritional condition of people in Shib Ab and the city has changed considerably implementing the subsidies. Moreover, their food consumption has not improved after implementing this project especially in the villages where people have weaker nutritional condition that the city dwellers.

Brain drain has been a serious problem for Iran and other developing countries for years. Hence, its definition, effects on different fields, causes, and finally control and management methods have been discussed in many aspects and many methods have been presented. This project attempts to identify the causes and present some methods to manage this phenomenon. It introduces a dynamic model based on motivating systems to keep elites and use them. In other words, not only keeping the elites, but also their appropriate application is important. Finally, the article presents some policies and methods based on this dynamic model to manage and control brain drain.

Today, more than past, the decentralization and assignment a part of state department’s duties to municipalities and local institutions hasbeen necessitated due to increasment urban populations and citizens demands and complexity of urban societies, and this factor can beefficient in increasment of political system’s legitimacy. One of the important factors in urban good governance is the active and dynamic public sphere. In this article, the Authors try to explain the deficiencies and weaknesses of urban governance from political, legal and budget aspects as well as recommendations. In In this article, although has not been neglected a part of good achievements of urban councils, but we believe that the urban councils has more distance with optimal point due to politicization and wing-based orientations, legal ambiguities, non-detailed articulation of duties and fiscal difficulties.

Existence Dehyaries directors of the villages can role important in the rural development process & among study of satisfaction rural households can be studied as a criterion to evaluate the performance of Dehyaries. This study was conducted as part of the Baharan District city of Gorgan, was to investigate factors affecting of public satisfaction is the performance Dehyaries. To achieve this objective the study is descriptive- analytical use. The research includes four villages of two districts of village administrations in the Baharan District of 1052 Family. Of which, according to Cochran formula, 274 samples were selected. Research tool, a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by the group of expert. And for determining the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure (0/86). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. For analysis of the data, Pearson correlation, analysis logistic regression, simple linear regression analyzes, chi-square test was used. Results show that by taking the average of the current situation in the villages of the all items index socio economic & Skeletal - environment before and after the Dehyaries better and that the development of the village and the Dehyaries at the 99% level has meaning. A significant relationship between performance Dehyaries and satisfaction residents there. Finally, the highest ranked out of the physical components of after the Dehyaries with 5/12% of the lowest ratings of the economic component of before the Dehyaries 1/52% per cent. The people familiar with the duties and powers Dehyaries and monitor their performance Dehyaries there was a significant relationship. The current situation indicates that familiarity rural people have lower than average, and if this is familiar. Which Cause their monitoring action Dehyaries. However, more interaction and collaboration With Dehyaries is the further expansion and development of village.