نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 38 (بهار 1394)

Today human is engaged with a great crisis as a result of his unbalancing the life, neglecting indigenous and environmental factors, and hegemonic behavior toward nature. This has ended to creation of an approach called sustainable development whose main aims are to meet the essential needs, improvement of life quality, and better management of ecosystems. Obviously it is meaningless to discuss sustainability and sustainable development in the absence of cities and urban life. Cities are counted for as the main reasons for unsustainability the world over, however urban sustainability and global sustainability are the same concepts. Therefore, knowing key elements to reach this station is necessary, whereas recognition and prioritization of effective key elements in sustainable development is strategic and entails economic, social, and health-related results in the sequence of time. The current study is descriptive-analytic in which attempts have been made to estimate the importance of main indices of sustainable development based on the opinions of elites using a fuzzy hierarchical analysis process technic. Analysis of the data shows that from among main indices, urban health, desirable governmental system, and sustainable environment are respectively of the highest importance.

Rural governance is Modern process that has principles, criteria and indicators different from the Approaches of their previous rural management Caused In the empowerment of rural areas residents in different field. The most important Principles, criteria and indicators of good governance, rural Consist of are) Rural resident's popular participation, Accountability, accountability, and respect for the rule of existing laws, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, fairness and equality, communitarians (collective agreement). This study is a qualitative and fundamental research (Theoretical) and have been conducted based on the documents (Library). The results of reviews Theoretical approach to rural good governance in the rural development of management indicates that This approach with the principles, criteria and indicators are listed could be a good approach in the rural management of modern and essential role in the sustainable development of political, economic, social, physical, spatial and rural development managed.

The maximum enjoyment of citizenship, social interactions and exchanges at all levels of planning and urban design is a very comprehensive; if this increase in quality of life and citizen satisfaction has led to the development of cities will be responsive to the people involved. However, in modern times, social interaction and communication, especially in developing countries is declining; And has become one of the problems of Third World cities. On the other hand, Gorgan is an old neighborhood social interactions, especially in newer neighborhoods of the day is declining. The methodology of this study, survey data collection tool questionnaire and field is that the method of statistical analysis is also used. Therefore, in this study, a social factor in the old quarters of the city of Gorgan new door has been paid to the neighborhood. The study randomly assigned 120 families who live in this neighborhood, they have chosen. And Using spss software involvement, their social interactions and communication is studied. The results show that the level of communication, participation and social interaction in the neighborhood of Gorgan new door has been above average. The solutions are presented in increasing the level of social interaction.

The use of green roofs in architecture and town planning is an important consideration. The use of green roofs and facades covered in most European countries and America States has grown substantially. The main reasons for the addition of architectural aesthetics topics, respond to factors such as insulation (heat, moisture and sound) Natural building, the use of dead space in the roof to create a pleasant atmosphere and the creation of eye-catching facade combined with the nature of man, helping to reduce atmospheric pollution and increasing the proportion of oxygen in the air, and so on. On the other hand, a lead to increased stability of buildings with green roofs and rain is torrential rains and management. Most developed countries have taken steps in this direction; the need to be inclusive of interest in this issue. In this paper, a method of logical analysis and documentation to evaluate and develop solutions Green roofs in the garden of urban spaces, especially - School discussed. In the end, several strategies have been discussed in this context.

Subject of the paper is structure of city in contemporary poetry. The study sought to answer the question of what the contemporary poets thought functions. It is hypothesized that the poets of the political situation, social, cultural, have certain items that are special And his thoughts poured into the city or to have founded the city and Utopia. The research method is descriptive - analytical research and data collection tools: library studies and documents have benefited. In this study, also using text analysis method, first of all components that were associated in some way with the subject of books as text, data collection, and analysis were investigated. Procedures governing the contemporary poetry of the city and its concept are described briefly.