فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 23 (بهار 1393)

This research was to study the impact of social and cultural factors on youth faith. There fore, 331 students in faculty of management and social sciences, (Islamic azad university-north Tehran branch) were studied. Using Survey method and technique of Questionnaire, final data were collected. It was supposed to do research only on» Rate of students faith «based on Clak and Stark model at first, but at last, it was decided to study the impact of social and cultural factors on youth faith. After assessing the rate of students faith, the variable descriptive statistics were explored. To examine the assumptions, Pearson correlation factor and regression and multiple linear regression were utilized. Finally, research model route analysis was presented. The results show that the youth faith has meaningful and opposite relation in independent variables of consumerism, family social base, mass media especially satellite reciever modernity. In addition, independent variables of friends and parents have the meaningful and directly relation too.

Happiness as something positive is vital to being healthy. It may be influenced by individual or environmental factors. The aim of this study is to examine the determinants of social happiness and despair among young men and women from the young’s and experts’ point of view. This research carried out by theme analysis. Statistical population consists of 60 people (47 young and 13 experts) selected by a purposeful sampling method. Findings revealed that external and social factors like economical problems, unemployment and underemployment had highest priority in social happiness. Conversely, personal factors such as motivation, religious beliefs, self satisfaction, health and personality were found to have limited role in social happiness. The same finding was found about social despair. The experts, unlike the youth argued that personal factors like life goal and identity seeking are more important in creating happiness or despair. So, we come to this conclusion that marriage, job, inter-family relationship and, much importantly and economic consistency are noticeable to make the youth become happy and satisfied. Therefore, planners and decision makers must refer to young peoples’ points of view to find what prevent them to stay happy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-regulation skills on learning strategies, motivation believes and happiness of high-school girls. The research method was semi-experimental designs, with pre-test, post test and follow-up of the control group. The member of sample group 30 students was randomly assigned to experimental and control group. They were tested by Oxford Happiness Inventory and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Self –regulation skills were instructed in six session to the experimental groups, but control group did not receive any intervention and no information about these skills were instructed to them. For data analysis of variance with repeated measures and independent t-test was used. The results showed that there was significant difference (P <0.0001) between two group. The instructing self regulation skills have a significant effect on happiness of students in experimental group than the control group, and also they preserved high scores in happiness after one month. Also, experimental group showed better performance in motivation and self-regulation learning.

Simultaneously modern Iranian society the family and marriage have changed and will change. One of these changes is to increase in boy and girl friendship before marriage. Iranian Society has worked constantly for durability and strength of family and marriage and Banned Individual from factors that can have damaging effects on this Institution. Students and highly educated class one of class society are disposing to these changes. In this regard using survey data take on post graduate students of Tehran University in 2012 attempt to answer the basic questions that what is an attitude of post Graduate students of Tehran University about boy and girl friendship relations before marriage? And what Factors Impact on their attitudes about boy and girl friendship relations before marriage? Method of sampling in this study multiple cluster sampling and sample size is 393. According to available theory and research background, gender, age, marital status, meta-materialism, the opportunity cost of marriage and family-centered selected and their impact on the dependent variable attitude to friendship boy and girl before marriage was studied. The results of this research indicated that about 74 percent of the post graduate students of Tehran University have positive attitude about boy and girl friendship relations before marriage. As well as the results indicate that the meta-materialism variable the Most impact on attitude about boy and girl friendship relations before marriage. Family-centered, the opportunity cost of marriage, marital status and gender were next in order of rank. In total the independent variables have explained about 39 percent of variation of boy and girl friendship relations before marriage.

This study is to compare the attachment styles, social and emotional loneliness and rumination among female and male students. This research was post events of a causal–comparative investigation and its statistical population was students of Mazandaran Azad university that a sample of 200 people (106 girls, 94 boys) were selected by multistage cluster sampling and all answered to scale of adult attachment styles RAAS, scale of Social loneliness UCLA, scale of Emotional loneliness WSL and at last Trynor’s the 10-item questionnaire rumination.The data collected by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one way (ANOVA) and Multivariable regression analysis were analyzed. The results revealed that Gender differences in two subscales of closeness-attachment and dependency- attachment isn’t statically significant, but there is a significant difference in the anxiety– attachment subscale (p<0.005).There is no significant difference between means of male and female students who participated in the variables of social loneliness, emotional loneliness and rumination (p<0.005). Students’ attachment styles and loneliness can predict 23.1% of their rumination (p<0.005), Students’ attachment styles and rumination can also predict 33.5% of their emotional loneliness and 16.3% of their social loneliness (p< 0.0001). The results of this study indicate that attachment styles and rumination can predict social and emotional loneliness.

The purpose of this research was to analyze of the social capital of faculty members of Iran's physical education college. Statistical population of this study included all of the faculty members of Iran's physical education college in 2013 (N=520).On the basis of Morgan table, 220 persons were stratified randomly selected of research samples.To achieve the research goals, researcher made questionnaire with 33 questions was used. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and its reliability was studied in a preliminary study with 30 subjects and calculated as 0.93 respectively. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods, including Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Single sample T-student test, and the method of structural equations modeland T2 hotelling test by application of AMOS Graphics V.18 software and SPSS.V.16 were used. Research findings showed that solidarity factor with coefficientof 0.85, trust and cooperation factors with coefficientof 0.77, mutual respect factor with coefficientof 0.74, participation factor with coefficientof 0.68, and social network factor with coefficientof 0.48 have the most effect at the social capital of faculty members of Iran's physical education college.Social capital is desirable among faculty members of Iran's physical education college.Results showed no significant difference in the social capital between faculty members of Iranʼs state and azad physical education colleges.(F=o.91, P=0.489)

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of Iranian pro-league soccer teams, comparing the sports results that they actually obtain with those, that should have obtained on the basis of their potential, and to propose a future course of action. In order to assess the potential of each team in the Iranian professional soccer league in 2009-2010-season an out put- oriented version of Data envelopment Analysis is used. In this way, it is possible to calculate the number of points a team could have achieved with an efficient use of its actual resources and consequently, its potential position in the league classification.Results revealed that between 18 team, only the table actual and potential of two teams(Sepahan, Estil azin) is coincide. However the league champi (Sepahan) is the team with the highest efficiency and potential. Moreover, there are the teams that potentially could have achieved a better final position instead actual position such as Perspolis (1 instead 4), Fulad khozestan (3 instead 10), Esteghlal ahvaz (10 instead 18) and Abomoslem (15 instead 17), but due to inefficient use of their resources could not achieved proper result that lead two last teams to the relegation to lower division. first, in order to judge a teams performance throughout a season, we would recommend taking into account not just the actual final position achieved (top or bottom teams), but also the position that the team potentially should have achieved. Second, it seems that a teams final league position depends more its efficient use of resources than on it potential, since team that should have been relegated according to their resource instead remained in the first division, and vice versa.The results of this research have demonstrated importance of an efficient use of resources to obtain great sports results. So, one possible future line of research would involve providing mechanism allowing teams to improve their efficiency.

The purpose of this study was the evaluating the content analysis of the best seller newspapers in the Iran with emphasing on sports contexts. There is a perspective method that performed with content analysis and the data was collected in an attributive and a bookwork methods. The population of this research, were the 2012 archives of 10 best sellers newspapers in the country. A Multi-stage random was used for sampling. A coding form was used for collecting data, made by author in regard to coding technique. There used a Scott test to determine its reliability, that 91/6 reliability coefficient was gained. To determine nominal and content certainty, some coding forms were distributed among some content critics and experts and their reliability was supported by them. The data was analyzed by SPSS20 software, perspective indexes and Square non-parametric test. According to Chi-square results, there was a significant difference (P≤0/001) between development guidelines for four levels of sports in the country: gender, sport geographic areas, sport leagues, sport fields and incapables sports, it means there is a significant difference between development guidelines in the country show that these newspapers pay the most attention to professional, athletic, male sports, adults sports, soccer, soccer images, soccer premier leagues, national and international sports General newspapers should be aware of the important role of sports in the society, pay attention to all of its guidelines and distribute it in whole society. So it seems that in sports parts, the newspapers should have a general view for sports themes and the manner of presenting it and kindly release from stereotypes and use of all sports potentials and all manners for presenting themes.

Football stadiums, because of manifold factors, could be an environment of demonstrating violence for spectators. Accordingly, this research aims to study the sociological factors of violence among Tabriz football spectators. Statistical population was whole football spectators of Tabriz and sample population was 1045 people chosen by random sampling method in the 6 home competitions of TractorSazi and Gostaresh Foolad. The instrument was an author made questionnaire and the reliability and validity was confirmed. Kolmogrov Smirnov, one sample T test and repeated variance analysis tests were used for statistical methods by SPSS20 software.The results of variance analysis showed that, cultural intolerance, team position, referee related affairs, reaction to spectators of other teams, personal and psychological problems, hardware factors, software factors, coach and players position and media factors (P≥ 0.05) were effective on violence demonstration from Football spectators point of view. To remove the factors of violence, it would be better to pay attention to position and stand of stadiums at first and then try to solve personal problems.

The purpose of this study was to determine the football spectators’ perception about security factors in events holding in Azadi Complex. Therefore the descriptive-survival method was used. The researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach alpha test (p=0.811). Descriptive statistics, k-s test, binomial test, and Mann Whithney U test were used for data analyze. Among studied factors spectators’ attendance path, parking and around stadium control, and stadium entrances control and searching were in a partly appropriate level. Informing and spectators’ awareness of forbidden items and security points, and stadium emergency equipment were in an inappropriate level. Crowd control was in an appropriate level. There are differences between opinion of spectators and event-holding authorities in informing and awareness of forbidden items and security points. Spectators believed that informing and spectators’ awareness of forbidden items and security points was in an inappropriate level, but event-holding authorities believed that informing and awareness of forbidden items and security points was in an appropriate level.