فهرست مطالب

Thrita
Volume:4 Issue: 13, Sep 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/06/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Maryam Karbasi Motlagh, Atena Rahmati Najarkolai, Fatemeh Keshmiri * Page 1
    Context: This review study, performed in 2014, sought to determine the requirements for the introduction of team-based learning (TBL) in medical universities..Evidence Acquisition: In this review study, relevant literature was found by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using the keywords of team based learning, facilitate, barrier, and challenge without any time limitation. First, the literature was selected after a review of the abstracts. Subsequently, according to the relevance to the study questions, 12 articles were included in the analysis..
    Results
    Overall, it is essential that educational administrators fully consider the prerequisites of TBL implementation in 2 areas of pre-implementation infrastructure and execution. This goal can be attained through the establishment of 4 underlying substrates of management, planning, facilities and financial and human resources. Requirements during the implementation of TBL encompass orientation phase, process elements, and human resources skills. Fulfilling these requirements can generate positive attitude and support amongst administrators, faculty members, and students and bolster the chance of the success of plans to move the curriculum of medical universities to a more TBL-oriented approach..
    Conclusions
    Meeting the prerequisites to incorporating TBL in the curriculum of medical universities plays a pivotal role in its success. Accordingly, in the assessment of the curriculum of medical universities, these requirements should be fully identified and fulfilled so as to be able to devise appropriate plans for the success of teaching methods..
    Keywords: Cooperative Learning, Team Based Learning, Interactive Learning, Academic Medical Centers, Healthcare Team
  • Mohammad Reza Khajavi, Pejman Pourfakhr *, Farhad Etezadi, Shahram Gooran, Sanaz Dehghani, Gholamreza Pourmand Page 2
    Background
    Since the first renal transplantation surgery, clinical studies have failed to ascertain the benefit of one anesthetic technique over another..
    Objectives
    This article provides an overview of the important issues to be considered in these patients, and also discusses several anesthetic challenges in these surgeries..Patients and
    Methods
    Through a retrospective study, we described our experience during 10 years, from 2002 until 2012, in 1000 cases of living and cadaveric transplants. We reviewed their medical history and noted age, sex, blood groups, cause of end stage renal disease, history of dialysis and the type of renal transplantation. Preoperative investigation and preparation, as well as details of anesthetic management, were also recorded..
    Results
    General anesthesia was performed in 82% of patients and for the rest of them, spinal, epidural and combined spinal and epidural were done. The age of the patients was in the range of 12 - 68 years, with the mean of 36 ± 11 years. The mean of surgery duration was 2.9 ± 1.1 hours. The most significant point during surgery is keeping the mean arterial pressure > 95 mmHg and maintaining fluid load with crystalloid..
    Conclusions
    The type and amount of fluid replacement therapy and optimizing hemodynamic status, before and during reperfusion of the transplanted kidney, are of particular importance during renal transplantation surgery..
    Keywords: Anesthesia, Kidney Transplantation, Delayed Graft Function, Reperfusion, Blood Pressure
  • Atena Rahmati Najarkolai, Maryam Karbasi, Atefeh Mosayebi, Fatemeh Kashmiri * Page 3
    Background
    Determination of the individual differences and students’ learning style are essential factors in the selection of proper teaching method which leads to effective learning and suitable programming in the educational system..
    Objectives
    The present study aimed to determine learning styles of health care management students and then preferred teaching methods based on their styles in Tehran University of Medical Sciences..Patients and
    Methods
    The present research was a descriptive, cross-sectional study that conducted in 2012. The study population was health care management students and we select them by sampling enumeration method (response rate 87%). The tool of the research was Kolb learning style questionnaire that includes 12 questions. We distributed the questionnaires among the students to answer the questions. After completing this task, we collected the questionnaires and analyzed the data based on the Learning Style Inventory (LSI) guide by SPSS software..
    Results
    The prevalent learning styles of the students were as follows: assimilating with 63 followers (51%), then convergent with 56 (45%), next accommodating with 2 (1.26%), and finally divergent with 2 (1.26%). The average age of students was 20.8 ± 2.4 years. There was no significant correlation between demographic variables and learning styles..
    Conclusions
    The findings of this study can be useful in competency development of health care management students. This approach paves the way towards effective and practical learning for these students to prepare them for opportunities in their future market job..
    Keywords: Learning, Learning Styles, Kolb, Teaching Method, Learning, Students
  • Zahra Tolou-Ghamari * Page 4
    Background
    Although mitoxantrone inhibits lipopolysaccharide induction of many immunological factors, but the mechanism of action somewhat remains to be more understood..
    Objectives
    This preliminary study was designed to investigate the evidence-based mitoxantrone therapy results in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)..Patients and
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study on 71 patients with MS was carried out between 2010 and 2012, in an Iranian population. Demographic and pharmacological variables were recorded in d-Base. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows..
    Results
    The females/males sex ratio within the study population was 3.17: 1. The mean age of females was 32.2 years old (range 20 - 45 years) and the mean age of males was 52.7 years old (range 45 - 64 years). Out of the total population studied, 20% received both methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy and mitoxantrone on at least on one occasion. The mean frequency of dose received by each individual was two, with a range of one to five..
    Conclusions
    To prevent the serious adverse effects of mitoxantrone, such as acute leukemia and secondary hematologic cancers, pharmacotherapy outcome, using disease modifying drugs, should focus on rate and severity of relapses within Iranian pateints with MS..
    Keywords: Mitoxantrone, Multiple Sclerosis, Drug Therapy, Methylprednisolone, Adverse Effects
  • Neda Moslemi, Zahra Karami, Aysan Shahnaz Miandoab, Samane Masoumi, Yadollah Soleimani Shayesteh, Abbas Karimi *, Zahra Ghoncheh Page 5
    Background
    Because of the cost and adverse effect of antibiotics, necessity of its prescription in simple implant surgery is questionable..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of post-operative antibiotic therapy on reduction of post-operative morbidity and failure of dental implants..Patients and
    Methods
    This triple blind randomized controlled clinical trial included 46 patients (23 in the control and 23 in the intervention groups). Patients in each group were given amoxicillin, 500 mg or placebo every 8 hours for seven days, post operatively. Early infection (occurring in seven days after the surgery) and late infection (occurring in one, three and six months after the surgery) were assessed in all patients..
    Results
    Sixteen patients (66.7%) in antibiotic group and 20 patients (90.9%) in placebo group had post-operative swelling and pain. The average pain in the antibiotic and placebo groups were (31.04 + 26.29) and (37.73 + 23.69) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P value = 0.37). One patient in each group had probing depth between 5 to 7 mm in six months after surgery (P value = 1). There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups in Implant failure. It occurred in two patients in the placebo group (P value = 0.22)..
    Conclusions
    The current study results showed that administration of prolong prophylactic/postoperative antibiotics in simple dental implant surgery might not be beneficial..
    Keywords: Amoxicillin, Dental Implants, Antibacterial Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis
  • Hamidreza Gholam Rezaei, Ehsan Shahverdi *, Saeideh Ebrahimi, Keramat Dehghani Page 6
    Background
    Premature ejaculation is the most common sexual problem and there are many treatments for this problem..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to determine and compare the efficacy of tramadol and fluoxetine in males with premature ejaculation..Patients and
    Methods
    In this randomized clinical trial study, 36 males with premature ejaculation attending Booali and Chamran hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2013 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg tramadol or 20 mg fluoxetine 3 - 6 hours before sexual intercourse. Then the intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was compared..
    Results
    Thirty-six subjects with the mean age of 44 ± 19.3 years underwent analysis. Eighteen subjects were treated by fluoxetine and 18 by tramadol. The efficacy of treatment in the two groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in IELT (P > 0.05), but before-after comparisons showed a significant efficacy in the two groups..
    Conclusions
    It was concluded that the efficacy of tramadol and fluoxetine in males with premature ejaculation are the same and both are effective. Both of these drugs are safe to treat premature ejaculation..
    Keywords: Tramadol, Fluoxetine, Therapeutic
  • Mansoureh Vahdat, Kobra Tahermanesh *, Abolfazl Mehdizadeh Kashi, Monir Ashouri, Masoud Solaymani Dodaran, Maryam Kashanian, Parisa Alizadeh, Seyedeh Mehr Abed, Abbas Fazel Anvari Yazdi, Neda Hashemi, Soheil Ashkani Esfahani, Bahareh Faghih Nasiri Page 7
    Background
    Some important complications such as cervical tears, creation of false tract and uterine perforation may happen during cervical entry of operative hysteroscope. These complications can be reduced by priming agents..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to determine the effect of vaginal evening primrose oil (EPO) on cervical ripening and dilatation before operative hysteroscopy.. Patients and
    Methods
    Thirty-six non-menopausal patients without a history of normal vaginal delivery and fourteen menopausal patients who underwent operative hysteroscopy were selected for the study. By simple randomization method, twenty-eight females received two soft gels of EPO (each 500 mg) and twenty-two females received placebo; in both cases the soft gels were applied to the posterior vaginal fornix 6 - 8 hours before operative hysteroscopy..
    Results
    The primary outcome measures were the total dilatation time starting with Hegar size «3 to end point of 10 mm» as well as the size of the first dilator used to apply force. The secondary outcomes were uterine cervico-vaginal complications and also adverse effects related to the use of vaginal EPO. The total cervical dilatation time was shorter among the subjects who received EPO than the ones who received placebo [Median: 33. 5 second (26. 25 - 41. 5) vs. 75 second (30 - 127. 5) P = 0. 003]. Also the first Hegar size that could be used to apply force for cervical dilatation was greater in size in the EPO group compared to those of the placebo group [Median: 8 mm (8 - 9) vs. 7 mm (5. 75 - 8. 25) P = 0. 002]. There were no uterine cervico-vaginal complications or adverse effects in the groups..
    Conclusions
    EPO is effective to ripen the cervix before hysteroscopy. It is easy to use, available, inexpensive, and has no serious adverse effects..
    Keywords: Hysteroscopy, Cervical Ripening, Evening Primrose Oil