فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 50، بهار 1394)

Bone loss is a well-documented phenomenon occurring in humans both in short- and long-term spaceflights. Revealing data on the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in bone formation has led some to suggest that EPO treatment could also play a role in protecting bone against microgravity-induced bone loss. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of EPO administration on densitometric changes of femur of rat in a Microgravity Simulation Model (MSM). Twelve rats were divided into two groups: the tail-suspended control (TSC), and the tail-suspended group treated with rhEpo (TSE) (300 U/kg every 48 hours). The experiment lasted for 3 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, the right femur of each rat was removed, and bone mineral density was measured for each animal. Bone mineral density of whole femur in TSE group was significantly higher than TSC group (0.160±0.003 vs. 0.144±0.006, p=0.002). According to the results of this study, Erythropoietin administration might have protective effects against microgravity-induced mineral loss in a rat MSM.

Physical activity influence differently on health indices including premenstrual syndrome (PMS) which can be related to various exercise characteristics. The aim of Present study was to evaluate the effect of interval training with high and average intensity on PMS, body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in young collegiate female students. Participants were 60 nonathletic healthy (physically and psychologically) female collegiate students. They were selected and randomly divided into two groups of high intensity (n=30) and moderate intensity (n=30) interval training. Rating and intensity of premenstrual symptoms (using Moos questionnaire), CRF (Using Copper test) and BMI of participants were measured before and after training program. Training program included warm up for 20 minutes, following 35 minutes high intensity interval running (maximum heart rate 80-90%) or moderate intensity running (maximum heart rate 50-60%) and cooling down for 5 minutes for 8 weeks, once every week. Exercise volume was assimilated in both groups. Data was analyzed using covariance statistical testing and t-test. Comparison of high and moderate intensity training groups indicated that there was no significant difference in psychological (p=0.708) and physical (p=0.163) symptoms of PMS and CRF (p=0.183) following exercise training. But BMI was significantly lower in average compared to high intensity groups (p=0.003). Within group evaluations indicated that interval training with high and moderate intensity does not affect significantly physical and psychological symptoms of PMS but decreases BMI and increase CRF significantly. High and moderate intensity exercise training in general physical education course does not affect significantly PMS but improve BMI and CRF. Average intensity training is more effective in reducing BMI.

It has been shown that polyphenol-rich foods, such as cocoa, promote health and attenuate, or delay the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to effect of short-term cocoa supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) after an incremental exhaustive exercise. Eleven male elite karate-ka were participated in the study. Bruce exercise test was performed as an incremental exhaustive protocol on two occasions, one week apart. In a double-blind design, each participant received either a volume of cocoa solution or placebo (5 mg/kg) before exercise trial. Venous blood samples were collected 2h prior to exercise (base-line), pre, post and 1h after completion of each trial. Differences were examined using Bonferroni test, t-test and two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures as appropriate. After the Bruce test, there was significant increase in Hb and Hct levels in both groups (p<0.01). The results showed that in cocoa group, changes of Hb and Hct variables were not significant in all four blood sampling stages. Our results indicated that cocoa did not change the Hb and Hct levels, neither before nor after the exercise. About cocoa and exercise effects on Hb and Hct factors, we need too many researches and investigations (with respect to subjects, exercise protocol, environmental propositions, and cocoa protocol) in future.

Studies investigating the relationship between sleep deprivation (SD) and the risk of coronary disease are scant. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the effect of SD on basal hemodynamic functions and tolerance to myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in male rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control and SD groups (n=8/group). Sleep deprivation was induced by flower pot model for 4 days. Isolated hearts were perfused with Langendorff setup and exposed to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion in both groups. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR), and peak rates of positive and negative changes in left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt) were measured at baseline and after IR. Heart NOx level, and coronary flow CK-MB and LDH were measured after IR. In the SD group, the baseline levels of LVDP (19%), + dp/dt (18%), and - dp/dt (21%), were significantly (p<0.05) lower and HR was significantly higher (32%), compared to the controls. After ischemia, hearts from SD group, displayed a significant increase in HR together with a low hemodynamic function recovery compared to the controls. In SD groups, NOx level in heart and coronary flow CK-MB and LDH were significantly higher after IR. Hearts from SD rats had less basal cardiac function and less tolerance to IR injury compared to control, which may be due to increase in NOx production after IR.

B The role of various herbs in reducing blood lipids and therefore risk of cardiovascular disease has been identified. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of powdered Fenugreek seed on the lipid profile. This was a clinical trial study and conducted on 49 hyperlipidemia patients who were not use lipid-lowering medications. Patients were randomly divided into treatment (n=24) and control (n=25) groups. The treatment group received 5g/d of powdered of fenugreek seeds (as a package) with food for 8 weeks. BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and FBS of patients were measured at the beginning and end of the study and finally data were compared using paired t-test. The results indicated significant decrease (p<0.05) among treatment group in LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride and FBS. There was no significant change was seen in HDL and BMI of patient in neither of the two groups. This study showed that consumption of fenugreek seeds powdered is effective in reducing of blood lipids in hyperlipidemia patients.

Addiction is a complex disease, and today we are witnessing the arrival of the new stimulant drugs that are highly addictive and harmful to the nervous system and other human organs. Therefore this study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of couple therapy with the imago therapy approach in reducing the symptoms related to drug abuse and impulse control in patients addicted to methamphetamine (Crystal). Totally, 30 methamphetamine addicted men were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned into two groups of 15 persons. SCID-CV interview, questionnaire of Maudsley addiction profile (MAP) and the Barratt Impulsiveness questionnaire were used to determine the person's drug abuse, the psycho-physiological symptoms associated with drug use and evaluation of impulsivity in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Comparison of post-test grades in both groups of experimental and control showed that there was a significant difference in the level of 0.01 between the two groups in terms of the dependent variables of the symptoms associated with abuse and impulse control. In other words, after the intervention of imago therapy in the experimental group, both the dependent variable showed a significant decrease. In the follow-up stage, scores in both the dependent variable showed some increase, although retained the significant differences with the control group. The findings of this study showed that generally the intervention of Imago Relationship Therapy could obtain better condition in both the dependent variable of patient.

Lack of fitness in equipment and accessories of task force is one of the undeniable causes of death on the battlefield, because this equipment is transported a long time by the task force. If the equipment is not designed to fit the user's physical dimensions, musculoskeletal problems created for the soldier. One of the equipment that goes with soldiers is military backpack. An appropriate design of this device and its adaptation to the users’ needs and physical characteristics is very important. Backpack, although like all kinds of weapons does not have a direct role in combat, but its improvement cause less fatigue and damage and faster action among soldiers. In this article, it is trying with the literature review and interviews with experts to gather the most important factors, especially those that are considerable in the world equipped armies, and then with a view to "design" be analyzed. Finally, with aggregation and analyzing the critical factors affecting the military backpack design and assessment of existing models, the preliminary designs to choose the appropriate military backpack for multi-day operations are introduced and superior design with the main features of the distinction is presented.

Emotional intelligence can predict the emotional control and mental health in the future. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health and aggression among Air Force personnel. In a cross - sectional study, 60 participants were selected by simple randomized sampling. They filled out three questionnaires: 1) General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28); 2) Sharing Emotional Intelligence questionnaire; and 3) aggression questionnaire. The data were collected and analyzed by Pearson's correlation. The results showed a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and aggression in mental health (p<0.01). Emotional intelligence training program can be run as a mental health and practice promotion tools as well as an appropriate expression of the anger.