فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 20 (تابستان 1394)

Nostalgia as a mental and unconscious behaviour has been adapted from psychology into literature and has become a poetical theme; this theme can be evidently traced in the works of Abu Feras Hamadani. The aim of the present research is to examine nostalgic features under two categories of personal and general in Abu Feras’s poems through a descriptive- analytical method. The personal nostalgia involves grief, pain, aging, thinking of death, homesickness, and days of the past, lack of relatives and absence of the beloved. This research indicates that the personal nostalgia in the Abu Feras poetry lies in the description of his homesickness. In addition, the general nostalgia is predominately seen in taking pride of his dynasty. He has reflected these meanings through honest emotions.

Contemporary Arab poets are well-informed, aware of the world surrounding them and responsible, and feel responsible towards the fate of their nations and countries. In order to achieve the country and nation’s freedom, integrity and independence, they employ all available instruments and mechanisms to usher the poetry in the sacred path of serving the nation. One of these mechanisms is focusing on their past traditions. To make their language impressive and effective as well as preserving its aesthetic aspects, they turn to outstanding characters of the past, both historical and religious ones. The poet summons these characters for help by echoing his thoughts through their words. The poet achieves this goal either through persona technique or through national and international mythological characters. This qualitative study, by applying analytical description, deals with the character of Christ and its reflection in the contemporary Arabic poetry of resistance. Contemporary poets want to make an example of Christ whose life is a symbol of pain, suffering, sacrifice, establishing life via death, deliverance, giving hope and being hopeful, eternity, resurrection and victory. Therefore, they try to revive the spirit of freedom, hope in the future, and struggle for the sake of noble objectives among the oppressed people, thus, releasing them from the bleak situation that has engulfed them. Ultimately, they can create a bright future in which their country gains independence and integrity as a result of which virtues become dominant values, truth and sincerity spread everywhere, falsehood and viciousness are wiped out, and faith and honesty prevail.

The collection of plays Men Fough sabe Samavat by Bakatheer is of Islamic historical plays where the presence of character is highlighted more than its other elements. Character in plays is characterized into main, minor, static and dynamic, opposing, typical, and omniscient. Characterization in this genre is carried out through various techniques such as dialogue, action, setting and characters’ names. This article on the one hand examines different types of character in and on the other hand analyzes other techniques of characterization of Bakatheer. The result indicates Bakatheer benefited from all sort of characterization techniques expect name selection for the characters are real and historical figures; thus, the reader comprehends the Islamic ambience of the play upon hearing the characters’ names. It is worth mentioning that dialogue outweighs the other techniques used in the characterization of the plays.

In spite of the rich history of Persian and Arabic literature, women's literature does not have a long record in these countries and suitable grounds for the growth of women’s poems to show their problems and feelings, was provided in Iran after the Mashrote revolution and the socio-cultural movements in Arab countries. Among important representatives of women's literature in Iran is Parvin Etesami and In Kuwait, Soad Al-Sabbah. This study tries to find the most important themes in social, cultural and personal aspects of their poems; after reading the mentioned poetess separately and their works are then compared based on Eastern European School of comparative literature. Findings show that these two poets, despite similarities in subjects such as women, feminism, resisting oppression and altruism, have different looks to maternal feelings and love because of differences in their social and personal life.

Bilingualism and language duality are seen in all the languages of the world and it is a matter of concern for some believe that these two phenomena have gradually reduced the accuracy and consistency of language causing language weakness. Although language duality and bilingualism vary due to place, time, racial, social, political, and cultural situations in society; but, at any level, lead to language weakness and gradually make it far from its high level. Mamluki and Ottoman eras or decadence period in Arabic literature is one of the periods in which Arabic has been mixed with other languages more than any other time. It seems that it is because of non-Arab rulers of this era, especially Turk ones, which is more obvious than other historical periods in Arab literature. It is better to use multilingualism instead of bilingualism in this period because there has been a close relationship and overlap between politicians and literate of that period as well as Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and the language of some other nations which have been in the domain of the Muslim world. This paper tries to bring examples of these two phenomena in the Arabic poetry of this period and analyze the reasons of some of the positive and negative consequences in Arabic poetry.

Backgrounds and origins and causes of the Arab and Persian fiction are to a great extend similar. In both Arabic and Persian fictions are adapted from the West; in fact the similarities have led the researchers to consider both under the influence one another. In this paper, the similarities and the possible affects and influences of Jamalzadeh’s "statesman" and Manfluti’s “the veil” are shown. For a more detailed analysis, the elements of the first two stories are analyzed separately and subsequently compared in relation to one another. The two writers have looked at their society of their time with a critical eye, hence dealing with the themes of these particular works would help one to identify the community and social environment of their time.

Literature shares and is related to many fields of humanities due to its nature. Thus, interdisciplinary studies can be conducted; yet, the interaction between literature and psychology are of great importance. Analysis of a literary work from psychology aspects is one of the most important methods to understand the personality of an author. The personality of poets and writers emerges in their poems. Ibn al-Rumi is one of the major poets of the Abbasid era, who lived a difficult life and experienced physical and social inferiority; therefore, his poetry is filled with trauma. This paper, with descriptive and analytical methods, studies Ibn al-Rumi’s poems according to Alfred Adler's theory of inferiority complex. The results of this study show that Ibn al-Rumi has an inferiority complex and some of the features of his character are: jealousy, suspicion, hatred, and fear.