فصلنامه شخصیت و تفاوت های فردی
سال چهارم شماره 7 (بهار 1394)

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group schema therapy approach on improvement of early maladaptive schemas among patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study is an experimental pretest–posttest with control group. The present study was performed on MMT patients of Shiraz public centers. One center out of 10 Shiraz public centers was selected randomly, and then using random sampling, 30 patients were selected and divided into two groups. The participants in the experimental group took part in a 15-session group schema. The data were collected using Young schema Questionnaire- short form (1988) and analyzed using Covariance analysis. The results showed significant differences in early maladaptive schema scores between participants in the experimental and control group. Group Schema therapy can be considered as an appropriate therapy method for improving, adjusting and decreasing early maladaptive.

The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of personal factors, coping strategies and attribution styles of substance addicts at the start point and on the continuum of drug abuse. The research method was post facto and sectional-comparative. In this project, 85 substance addicts and 85 rehabilitators who had attended addiction treatment centers and Narcotics Anonymous Association in Takab and Shahindej were selected by convenience sampling. The research tools included Eysenck personality inventory (Eysenck And Eysenck 1975), Carver's coping strategies inventory (1989) and attributional style questionnaire (Peterson, Seligman, Baeyer, Abramson and Metalsky 1984) and the researcher made questionnaire (Arjmand, 1390). The data was analyzed by independent t-test and logistic regression. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups of substance addicts and rehabilitators regarding most of subscales such as personality patterns, attributional styles, and stress coping strategies (p<0.001). The results also revealed that, while facing with stress, substance addicts conducted significantly more ineffective methods (superstitious thinking, wishful thinking, denial, drug taking, etc) than the rehabilitators. They also conducted more pessimistic attribution styles while encountering negative events, and showed higher level of personality traits such as neurosis, psychosis, and introversion, than the rehabilitators.

The present study aims at the investigation of the effectiveness of child-parent relationship therapy on decreasing the symptoms of the attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder and enhancing social skills of the children suffering from this illness. The research population consists of all preschool children studying in Ardabil, Iran in 2013 (N = 6000). To conduct this experimental study, 20 children among all pre-school students in Ardabil, who were suffering from attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, were selected randomly and using random assignment were divided into two experimental and control groups.The experimental group received 10 sessions (each lasting for two hours) of group therapy of the child-parent relationship based on the Braton and Landreth model. The control group received the routine of their daily spending. The data were collected with preschool children’s attention-deficit-hyperactivity Mohammadi, Mesgarpor, Sahimi and Mohammadi, 2006) and social skills index (Gresham,Elliot,1990) and were analyzed with multivariate analysis of the variance (MANOVA). The results showed that the child-parent relationship group therapy has a significant impact on reducing the symptoms of ADHD; however, it had no effects on the preschool children’s social skills. The findings show that group therapy can be used to decrease ADHD disorder symptoms in a child-parent relationship, but it's not effective to enhance their social skills.

Emotional autonomy is a psychological phenomenon which arising from basic psychological needs. It is needed to pay much attention to emotional autonomy during the transition to adulthood. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Emotional Autonomy Scale (EAS; Steinberg & Silverberg, 1986; Beyers, Goossens, Van claster, & Duriez, 2005). Participants were 348 students of Shiraz University & Shiraz University of medical sciences and health services (213 girls & 134 boys). They were selected based on stratified-cluster sampling and completed the EAS. To investigate the construct validity of the questionnaire, measures of sampling adequacy were checked and those measures were satisfying. Then using chronbach’s alpha reliability of the whole scale & it’s subscales was assessed & it showed satisfying reliability. Some questions were omitted due to reliability reduction. In order to check the construct validity, CFA using AMOS version 20 and the maximum likelihood pattern was performed. Then, two theoretical models of emotional autonomy were compared. Finally, the results revealed that the two factor model, showed better goodness of fit indexes. At least, for better theoretical backgrounds, correlations between questions and the general scores was assessed. Almost all correlations were significant. Results revealed that the two-factor model is more accordant with Iranian undergraduate student sample. This article is finished with conclusion and discussion of the findings and some suggestions for the future research.

This research was conducted with the aim of studying the moderating role of psychological capital on the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. Research statistical population were the employees of social security insurance organization in Isfahan province, among them, 309 persons were selected using quota sampling. Research instruments were work-family conflict questionnaire (Netemeyer et al, 1996), emotional exhaustion questionnaire (Mulki et al, 1999) and psychological capital questionnaire (Mac Gee, 2011). Data were analyzed with the use of hierarchical regression analysis. Results indicated that there was a negative significant relationship between work-family conflict and optimism, and there was a negative significant relationship between family-work conflict and self-efficacy, hope and optimism. Also the results revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between work-family conflict and family-work conflict with emotional exhaustion. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that hope and optimism moderates the relationship between family-work conflict and emotional exhaustion, and resiliency moderates the relationship between work-family conflict and family-work conflict with emotional exhaustion. Theoretical implications about the moderating role of psychological capital components on the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion finally have been discussed.

This paper aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of compulsive buying scale (ECBS) in women in the City of Esfahan. To conduct the study, 273 women (aged 18 and 60 years) in Esfahan city were selected and were asked to complete Edwards’s compulsive buying scale (1993) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (1970). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha, Guttmann’s split-half method, and Spearman-Brown and factorial analysis. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between compulsive buying scales and depression (r=0.267) indicating the concurrent validity of these scales. Moreover, the reliability of compulsive buying scale was 0.83% using Cronbach’s alpha method and its reliability using Guttmann’s split-half method was 0.79%. Using the factorial analysis method, five factors were extracted for compulsive buying scale. The results also showed that the compulsive buying scale questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument; hence, therapists and counselors can employ it to evaluate the case and help those seeking assistance.

Given the importance of mental health among students, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and perceived stress with mental health. This study was a descriptive correlation, and Statistical population included all students in Medical Sciences University of Kermanshah at the academic year 2013-2014. Using Stratified sampling 591 students were selected and were asked to complete Toronto alexithymia scale (Bagbi, Parker & Taylor, 1994), Cohen’s perceived stress (Cohen, and et al, 1983), and Mental Health GHQ-28 (Goldberg, 1972). Pearson correlation, regression and focal correlation were performed. The results showed that mental health and perceived stress is explained by alexithymia. Results showed that there is significant positive relationship between alexithymia and perceived stress with depression, anxiety, physical complaints, social function, and the total score of mental health. The results Indicated that mental health is explained by alexithymia and perceived stress, and the total score of mental health could be predicted by the subscales difficulty in identifying feelings and perceived stress. The results also indicated that perceived stress is the best inverse predictor of mental health, so this fact should be considered for treatment of Mental Disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Bowen Self-differentiation on assertiveness behaviors among married women in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test - post-test with control group. Statistical population was all married women in Isfahan. The participants were 60 married women who were selected randomly among the people with low score on Gambrill and Richy (1975) assertiveness questionnaire. Then they randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (N=30). The experimental group received eight sessions of Bowen Self-differentiation group counseling. The control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results showed that Bowen self-differentiation counseling had significant effecti on assertiveness behaviors among married women.