نشریه روان پرستاری
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1394)

Postpartum depression is a disorder with varying degrees of which occurred in the first year after delivery. Different tests to measure the disorder that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale shortest questionnaire for rapid assessment disorder. The present research was in fact a predictive investigation seeking to validate Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale in an Iranian sample. The study population included all mothers who for the first time (first delivery) during pregnancy have a season and 2 to 4 weeks after the first and second after delivery care for pregnant women to health centers - medical visited the city of Sanandaj, Edinburgh and questionnaires completed the Beck Depression Inventory by 361 person, and the acquisition of high scorers on the scales structured interview (SCID-I) for mood disorder diagnosis was done by a psychiatrist. Based on Beck inventory, 31.6% of the participants and according to Edinburgh scale, 67.3% of them were diagnosed with depression. From among these people, only 19.7% were diagnosed to be depressed through the clinical structured interview. Cronbach alpha was estimated to be 0.70 for Edinburgh test. Validity of Edinburgh test along with the parallel Beck Scale was equal to 0.44. According to the findings, this questionnaire possesses a high validity. Using Edinburgh scale can pave the way for a fast and short diagnosis. In case this brief test is utilized in healthcare systems, it could help a rapid diagnosis of patients’ problems and their treatment.

The moral stressor situations is considered one of the issues and problems to professional nurses that can be affected negatively Their function and quality of care, the goal of present study is determining the amount and abundance of moral distress in clinical nurses and related factors in city of Shahroud. In this Cross-sectional study; 261 nurses that worked in Imam Hussein and Fatemiyeh hospitals of shahroud were studied in 2013-2014. The instrument of collecting data was consisted of demographic and occupational form and Corley moral distress questionnaire. Data were analyzed with using descriptive statics and Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T test and one-way ANOVA statistical tests. The frequency and severity of moral distress in most of nurses was in the medium level and there was observed significant statistically difference between frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses (p<0.001).In the aspect the frequency, emergency and psychiatric nurses and about intensity, nurses working in departments of emergency, orthopedic and ICU reported the highest score of moral distress. There was a significant negative correlation between the age (p<0.001), job experience (p=0.01) and total score of moral distress and There was a significant difference between the type of employment and the moral distress (p<0.05) but there was no significant association between sexuality, marital status and monthly working hours with moral distress (p>0.05). Considering the prevalence of moral distress among nurses, presenting strategies to reduce according to the terms with any parts is necessary. Provide the necessary training and use of nurses with age more work experience in order to how to cope with moral tension is recommended.

Negative emotional representations are under effect of current information processing and memory, mood and many other factors, The aim of this study is to determinate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization reprocessing on reduction PTSD symptoms and negative emotional representations in these patients. This present semi-experimental 32 patients among 50 chosen patients with road accident in Taleghani hospital emergency in Kermanshah, Iran using purposive sampling (judgment) A composed EMDR protocol was used for patient injured in traumatic event. The testing group get treatment during 8 sessions and each session for one weak. the control group had TAU during 4 sessions with psychologist. psychological questionnaires including revised scale in IES-R, BDI(II) and BAI were given to the patients and kolmograph smirnoff and ANCOVA statistical tests were applied as well. The mean of PTSD in the treatment group was 63.12 ±9.34 before the intervention, whereas it was 18.12±4.54 after the intervention. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The result showed that EMDR has main full effect on decreasing the symptoms of PTSD as well as decreasing negative emotional representations in patient suffering from PTSD, In other words, patient of this group are less symptoms and as well as anxiety and depression. The result showed that elements of EMDR based on AIP Model, can useful through having the influence on integration information processing of traumatic event symptoms in patients with PTSD.

Couple burnout is one of the problems that is a main reason for emotional divorce because of its adverse and destructive effects on marital system and creating psycho-emotional distance in a couple, and this problem, if untreated, will prepare the grounds for formal divorce. The solution-focused brief therapy is a postmodern approach in couple therapy and family therapy which focuses on finding solutions by the client in cooperation with the therapist. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy in couple burnout and divorce tendency among married women. This research is a quasi-experimental study and pretest-posttest with control group design is used. The population consists of all married women with marital conflicts and problems who have visited Golha House of health, located in the 6th district of Tehran city in the second half of 2013. In this study, the sampling method was available sampling. Thus, 30 women who were qualified to participate in meetings and had earned the highest scores in the survey questionnaire were selected, and they were placed in experimental and control groups through random assignment (each n=15). The data gathering tools in this study were pains couple burnout measure (CBM) and the Divorce Tendency Scale of Roswelt, Jonson &, Moro (DTS) 1986, which were completed by the subjects in the pretest. The intervention group was exposed to solution-focused brief therapy for seven two-hour sessions in groups, in a step-by-step manner with the sequence of one session per week. But no intervention was performed in the control group. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics methods and through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in software SPSS20. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant reduction in couple burnout and divorce tendency (P= 0.000) of married women after performing solution-focused brief therapy. The mean and standard devietion of couple burnout and divorce tendency of interference group in pretest respectively was 113/6 ± 20/04 and 126/53 ±31/12 and in post test stage was 94/6 ±21/69 and 102/26 ±22/15. In control group also mean and standard devietion of couple burnout and divorce tendency before interference respectively was108/53± 16/68 and 106/46 ± 27/21 and after interference was 106/93±28/16. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that solution-focused brief therapy has been able to be effective in reducing couple burnout and divorce tendency among married women. Counselors and family therapists can use this short-term, efficient and effective therapy approach to solve marital conflicts and help people to improve their marital relationships.

Assessing the elders’ quality of life (QOL) and its affecting factors such as sleep quality, is a useful method for detecting their health and determining the efficacy of delivered health care. This study aimed to evaluate the association between QOL and sleep quality in elderly people. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 elderly people in Kashan in 2013. Data was collected using a three part questionnaire including: demographics, the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ5D) questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 16. The QOL was moderate and poor in more than a fifth of the elderly. The highest mean score of the QOL was in the area of self-care, and the lowest mean score of QOL was in the area of pain and discomfort. Moreover, the sleep quality was poor in 27.8% of the elderly. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant reverse correlation between the PSQI scores and QOL scores in elderly people (p= 0.001, r=-0.489). This study showed the elderly with higher PSQI scores had lower levels of QOL scores. It seems that lower levels of sleep quality can decrease the elders’ QOL. Then, training the elderly people on the sleep quality may lead them to a higher level of QOL.

The recognition of effective psycho-social factors on individual’s reaction to stressful situations is very important for management and control of stress in early stages and prevention of its negative consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived vulnerability and coping strategies of students in framework of health belief model. This study conducted with a survey and cross-sectional method. Data were collected from 373 students of Yazd University, from seven educational groups. These students were selected with random quota sampling. Measuring tools were coping strategies scale and perceived vulnerable scale. There were significant negative correlation between perceived vulnerability and seeking social support (p<.01), problem-focused coping strategies (p<.01), and active coping strategies (p<.01). Also, there were significant positive correlation between perceived vulnerability and reappraisal/adjustment (p<.01), and emotion-focused coping strategies (p<.01). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the perceived vulnerability variable explained for %16.6 of the variance in coping strategies. Students with lower levels of perceived vulnerability higher use of problem-focused coping strategies and individuals with higher levels of acute vulnerability using emotion-focused coping strategies.

Hypnosis is one of the psychological approaches that used in multiple sclerosis patients. The effect of hypnosis depends on individual hypnotic susceptibility. Hypnotic susceptibility is degree of response to the hypnotic suggestions and is a stable personal characteristic.The aim of present study was to determine correlation between personal characteristic and mental health with the degree of hypnotic susceptibility. This correlation study was carried out on 60 women with multiple sclerosis referring to the MS Society of Urmia. The data collection tools that used here include demographic questionnaire, General health questionnaire (GHQ) and Stanford hypnotic susceptibility scale (SHSS). In the investigation of the correlation between the variables and the hypnotic susceptibility of the samples, the Pearson correlation test result showed a statistical correlation between age and the degree of hypnotic susceptibility(r=-0.29,p value=0.023). In investigation of the correlation between the level of education and hypnotic susceptibility, the independent t-test results showed no statistically significant correlation between the two variables (p value>0.05). The results of ANOVA test also showed that there is no significant correlation between employment status of the samples and their hypnotic susceptibility (p value = 0.420). In analysis of relation between mental health and the degree of hypnotic susceptibility, Pearson correlation test results showed weak correlation between two variables (r=0.089, p value=0.499). In general it can be concluded that among the personal characteristics, the only significant correlation is between age and degree of hypnotic susceptibility of samples and hypnotic susceptibility is not influenced by other personal characteristics. It can also be concluded that hypnotherapy is a effective and safe treatment which could well be used in MS patients.