نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیستم شماره 7 (پیاپی 102، مهر 1394)

The third common urinary tract disease was renal stone, after the UTI and pathologic states of kidney. TUL is most useful and effective for removing the stones of inferior ureter. In other hand aminophylline can decrease urinary tract spasm. Then, combination of TUL and aminophylline help us to reduce the complication of TUL. Methods and materials: We have study on 87 case of renal colic who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of sari and Tooba clinic. This study was a double blind systematic randomized clinical trial that patients were divided to two group as 1 and 2: group one includes patients who received aminophylline and group 2 were selected as our control samples. Our sample size was calculated by statistic analysis according to recent studies. The average of TUL time was 5.12± 1.77 min in group 1 and 6.59± 3.47 min in group 2(p<0.05) and the success percents of TUL was 97.6% in group 1 and 84% in group 2(p>0.05). ESWL was used in one patient of group 1 because of remaining of stone, but 7 patients of group 2 did not response to Transureter lithotripsy, then they needed ESWL. Complication were not seen in patient who received Aminophylline and mean arterial pressure and heart rate was equal in two group. The difference of TUL Time between two groups was meaningful. As you know, aminophylline has an antispasmotic effect on urinary tract and tract with smooth muscle, and according to our finding, usage of aminophylline can reduce the complication of TUL and increase success rate of Lithotripsy in this patient. In other hand, it complications was few.

Stroke is the third death agent (factor) in industrial countries after cardiovascular disease and cancer. With regard to high content of antioxidant materials in flax seed oil like α-linolenic acid، lignan as well as phenolic combinations like secoisolarisirsinol (SDG)، this study performed for studding relationship between of cerebral ischemic lesion and motor-nerve disorders in model of stroke in rat. in the study، 35 male mice from strain Wistar divided to 5 groups. The groups included control، sham and 3 experimental groups. They received doses 0. 25، 0. 5 and 0. 75 ml/kg from flax seed oil orally. By gavage for 30 days two control and sham groups received aqua distillate (distil water). Two hours after the last gavaged dose، overly group with 7 pieces operated for measurement of the amount of cerebral lesion and motor-nerve disorders. (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model). Middle cerebral Artery Occlusion by the model resulted in local ischemic stroke in animal. Data analyzed by software SPSS، test ANOVA and disorders by test mann-Whitney. Average of records of motor-nerve disorders decreased significantly in group with dose 0. 5 and 0. 75 using flax seed oil (P<0. 05). The amount of cerebral ischemic lesion in doses 0. 5 and 0. 75 than to control group is indicated meaning full different، but percent of the total cerebral lesion in control group in compared group with dose 0. 25 is not indicated meaningful different. Percent of the amount of ischemic lesion in region penumbra in group 0. 75 and 0. 5 than to control group is indicated meaningful different، but percent of the amount of lesion in region penumbra in control group in compared region penumbra in group with dose 0. 25 is not indicated meaning full different. Findings of the study indicated that flax seed oil، particular in doses 0. 5 and 0. 75 resulted to decrease of the amount of cerebral ischemic lesion and decrease of motor-nerve disorders in animal model of stroke.

Exercise activities increase bone mass، however، the effect of detraining and inactivity on osteoporosis in active people who take part in regular physical activity، are still not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill running exercise together with detraining on osteoporosis in Oophorectomized rats. Fifty female rats divided randomly into control; experimental 1 (oophorectomized rats for 12 weeks); experimental 2 (oophorectomized rats for 22 weeks); experimental 3 (oophorectomized rats undergoing treadmill running exercise); and experimental 4 (oophorectomized rats undergoing treadmill running exercise together with a period of detraining) groups. Control group sacrificed in the beginning of the study. The experimental groups of 3 and 4 exercised for 10 weeks. After the training period، The experimental groups of 1 and 3 were sacrificed، while، experimental groups 4 and 2 remained detraining. The exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill (3 days/week for 10 weeks). The speed of treadmill was adjusted constant at 12 m/min and the duration of exercise began from 10 min in the first week and reached up to 64 min in the10th week of exercise. At the end of study، all rats were sacrificed and their femurs were removed for bone micro structures (cortical and trabecular thickness، and trabecular separation) and bone strength analysis. We used One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe test to compare the groups after evaluation of Homology of variances by Shapiro wilk test. P≤ 0. 05 considered significant. Trabecular thickness decreased significantly in experimental groups of 1 and 2 compared with control group (P<0. 05). Bone strength and cortical thicknesses decreased significantly in experimental groups of 2 compared with control group (P<0. 01). Bone strength and femoral micro structures improved in experimental group of 3 compared with experimental group of 1 and in experimental group of 4 compared with experimental group of 2 (P<0. 001). cortical thickness decreased significantly in experimental group of 4 compared with experimental group of 3 (P<0. 025). Moderate intensity treadmill running exercise has a prophylactic effects on osteoporosis which remain after detraining. Prevention of osteoporosis leads to reduce of pathological fractures.

Widespread use of cell phones is the most important risk factor f human health in the age of technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobile phone radiation on serum level of cortisol and changes in anxiety level in male rats. In this laboratory-experimental study, the male Wistar rats were divided into control and exposed to cell phone radiation for 1h, 3h, and 6h/day, groups. After 8 weeks, Elevated Plus Maze was used for anxiety evaluation. Blood samples also were obtained using cardiac puncture method and after serum preparation, levels of cortisol were measured using ELFA method. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 19. The results indicated that serum level of cortisol significantly increased in rats exposed to cell phone radiation for 6h/day compare to control animals (P < 0.05). Also the results of the elevated plus maze test showed that the percentage of time spent in open arms significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared with control rats (P< 0.001). There was also significant decrease in the percentage of entries into open arms in all experimental groups compared to control group (P< 0.001). The findings of this study showed that the exposure to cell phone radiation results in enhanced anxiety level accompanied by increased serum level of cortisol.

Cyclophosphamide، an alkylating agent used in the treatment of cancer that has many side effects on different organs، including the gonads. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an antioxidant Ellagic acid on cyclophosphamide -induced toxicity in rat fetal ovarian tissue. Forty two pregnant female Wistar rats weighing 250-200 gr were randomly divided into seven groups. The first، second، third، fourth، fifth and sixth 5 mg/ kg cyclophosphamide on days 1، 13 and 18 were given intraperitoneal remote pregnancy. The fourth، fifth and sixth groups hour after receiving cyclophosphamide، Ellagic acid (10 mg/kg) has received in the course of pregnancy. Control groups and seven group (normal) during pregnancy daily orally received 0. 5 mL of saline. After postpartum، Neonatal rats were anesthetized with ether. Animals were dissects، then Ovaries were removed and transferred to 10% formalin solution. After tissue processing، tissue sections were prepared and H&E stained. Data were analyzed by SPSSsoftware and Oneway ANOVA test. The groups that were exposed to cyclophosphamide ovarian mean of diameter، primordial follicle diameter and number of follicular cell of primordialin control group compared to ellagic acid treatments showed a significant decrease. The results showed that Ellagic acid due to its antioxidant properties could reduce the harmful effects caused by cyclophosphamide in the fetal ovary.

Phenylhydrazine (PHZ), a recognized oxidant agent, can cause a variety of side effects including hepatic disorders. The present study aimed to explore the possible hepatoprotective effects of royal jelly (RJ) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on PHZ-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. In this randomized controlled experimental study, adult male mice were categorized into four groups of eight mice each. Two groups of mice received PHZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg per 48 hours intraperitoneally for 35 days. RJ was administered to one of these groups at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day orally four hours before PHZ injection. A vehicle-treated control group and a RJ-only treated group were also included. Serum and hepatic samples were collected 24 hours after the last treatment and subjected to biochemical and histomorphometric examinations, respectively. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan test for post hoc comparisons. PHZ treatment caused a significant elevation (P < 0.05) in serum concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and malondealdehyde and decreased serum level of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and albumin. Moreover, PHZ significantly increased diameters of hepatocytes and their nuclei as well as number of Kupffer cells. Notably, RJ pretreatment improved all changes in the above-mentioned parameters. RJ by virtue of its antioxidant properties can reduce PHZ-induced hepatic damages in mice. However, the exact mechanism by which RJ cause these effects merits further studies.

Arginine by regulating the biological activity of the brain plays an important role in reducing stress. Today''s، stress is one of the century disease that created many problem. This study conducted to determine the protective effect of arginine on nitric oxide levels in maternal fetal brain tissue under stress. Twenty pregnant Wistar rats (200-250 gr) were randomly divided into four groups. With and without stress groups received arginine (200 mg/kg) intraperitoneal from 5 – 20 days of pregnancies. Control with and sham without stress received 2 ml of normal saline. The pregnant rats were anesthetized by ketamine (100 mg/kg) on the day 20 then the fetuses removed and weighed. Twenty five brain of fetal brain rat from each group were chosen for measuring of forebrain thickness and brain volume. Another 25 brain were chosen for measuring of nitric oxide. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. Nitric oxide Levels reduced in stress rats treated with arginine compared to control group (P<0. 05). The mean thickness of forebrain and hippicampal formation decreased in stress rats versus unstressed، but was not significant. The mean weight decreased significantly in stress group compared to the unstressed group (P<0. 05). Arginine could protect the brain tissue and fetal weight by reducing the level of oxidative stress in the pregnant rats.

Backgrounds and one of the most important aspects of every marital system is the satisfaction experienced by both sides. With respect to the importance of applying integrative approaches in such an issue، this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of mentaleducational method of interactive-cognitive analysis on marital satisfaction. The present interventional study was conducted based on the method of in access sampling with random replacement (2007-2008) with ten couples in experimental group and 10 couples in control group. Examinees were randomly picked out of couples referred to consulting centers of Yazd Wellbeing Organization. Experimental group underwent education based on the integration of Transactional-cognitive analysis، while control group did not receive any treatment. Marital satisfaction was evaluated by means of Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire، beforeand after intervention. Mental-educational method of interactive-cognitive analysis، significantly (P<0. 05) increased marital satisfaction in terms of sub-scales of personal traits، leisure activities، and roles related to man-woman equality. It can be concluded that Transactional-cognitive analysis with an education on relation setting، as well as verifying malfunctioning cognitions resulted from or escalated due to destructive marital relations، leads to an increase in marital satisfaction، with altering inter and intrapersonal factors.