مجله پرستار و پزشک در رزم
سال سوم شماره 6 (بهار 1394)

Medical errors are the most common errors in nursing students that threatening the health and increased mortality and hospital costs. On the other hand reporting rate the error is low. Therefore، this study aimed to investigate the occurrence and causes of not reporting medication errors in nursing students from their perspective. This cross - sectional analytic study performed on last term nursing students in Zahedan. In order to collect data used questionnaire contain demographic question and 17 items about reasons for not reporting medical errors (in three areas: fear of the consequences of reporting، management and reporting of the factors). Data analysis by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and t- test in Spss v. 16 software. Results showed that 58/1% of students who commit medical errors are the only 16/7% of them has reported their mistakes to the coach. Among the areas of highest rated areas is factor related to reporting (3/09 ± 0/99) was given، in which the forgetting medication error reporting by students accounted for most points (3/40 ± 1 / 26). Also، no significant difference was observed between student gender of medication errors and p = 0/57). Medication error is important in nursing students practical. Therefore، planning of program for medication errors reduction and control and records in nursing students is necessary.

uberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic infectious disease that causes involvement of different body organs especially the lungs. Although TB can affect on all organs، pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common type of disease. Given that the TB is the main problem in health، the aim of this study is epidemiology of pulmonary TB incidence and its effected risk factors in Hamadan province. this study is an epidemiology studies on 557 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Hamadan province. Information of age، sex، location، patient condition، treatment and outcome is collected and analyzed. The chi-square and t-student test is used for analysis of data by using of SPSS-16 software. 279 patients (50. 1 percent) were male. 324 persons (58. 2 percent) were living in urban areas. 305 (54. 8%) patients were over 60years old when they were identified. Mean (± SD) age of patients was 57. 1 (±21. 3) years (range 99-2 years). Trend of TB incidence in the study were no differences. The location and gender had no effect on incidence (p>0. 05)، but age has significant effect on the incidence of tuberculosis (p <0. 05). the result showed that the incidence was in high level of age، so for decreasing of incidence، it is recommended that education about risk factors and symptoms of TB and more accurate screening of high age is necessary.

AIDS is one of the most deadly viral infections andis important blood-borne infections. Risk of transmitting HIV virus in infected blood and blood products، is about 90-100%. Knowledge about prevalence of HIV among blood donors is essential for prevention program. So this study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV among blood donors in Iran. This studyis asystematic review. Required data collected from electronic data basesandno electro nicresources. For this purpose، SID، PUBMED، IRANMEDEX، MAGIRAN، GOOGL SCHOLAR databaseandmedicaljournalarticleswere reviewedand articleswereexcluded in our study after evaluation. Of the15articlesreviewed، the overall prevalence of HIVamong blood donorswas0. 021% (with 95% confidence intervals (0. 02074_0. 02126). HighestHIV prevalencerate observed in Kermanshah (prevalence rate: 0. 05%) andthe lowest prevalencerate observed in Ardabil، Isfahan، Arak، jahrom، Zanjanandbohshehr (prevalence rate: 0 %.). Due todifferencesin the prevalence ofAIDS in different parts of Iran، suggested toinvestigate the reasons forthese differencesandalso due tolack ofstudyinall provinces، recommended theinvestigationbe madeinother provinces. Withproper planningandappropriate healthpoliciesis prevented from risingAIDSprevalence.

One of the main questions of Psychologists is that weather personality characteristics، separate addicted and normal people. This study was aimed to compare the stable personality characteristics in vulnerable to drug abusers compared to normal people. This is a causal – comparative case study. 300 individuals from 18 to 40 years living in this city of Khorramabad، chosen by cluster random sampling and were divided into two groups with the ability to test for substance abuse risk and normal group. Then the scale factor Cattell 16 Personality tests were performed. t-test for independent groups was used to analyze the data. Results showed that the two groups on measures of sensation seeking، emotional stability and extraversion had significant differences (p<0. 001) and in measures of stress and nervous and temperamental there was no significant differences.

Nowadays، the disease pattern has adopted a biological – psychosocial and social pattern، in which humans are seen as multi-dimensional beings and all these biological – psychosocial and social patterns act as interactive systems influencing each other. As a result، this study sought to examine coping styles and hemodynamic effect on the life quality in patients with cardiovascular symptoms and changes in their psychophysiology functioning and their mental status. Cardiovascular diseases are considered as the major stress factors that often lead to changes in patient's mental status. The study adopted a post event approach (causal – comparative design). The population of the study included all patients with cardiovascular diseases in Nime-e-Shaban and Al-Zahra hospital and healthy individuals (students and employees) in Sari. The sample consisted of 232 people 87 of whom were healthy subjects، 77 patients were admitted as the coronary heart attack and stroke patients and 68 non-stroke patients who were grouped through available sampling. It should be noted that the data for this study was obtained through a questionnaire. the findings of this study showed that the quality of life among cardiovascular patients was lower than that of healthy people. Besides، the quality of life among patients with heart stroke was lower than those without any heart stroke. As these results show، regarding the hemodynamic variable such as blood pressure changes and heart beat variations in cardiovascular patients and those with stroke showed significant differences before and after the test. The results show that in all components of quality of life among different coping styles groups significant differences have existed. In addition، these results indicate that some hemodynamic parameters (such as changes in heart beat، blood pressure، percentage changes in heart beat، systolic blood pressure and increased sympathetic and regular night sleep) showed significant differences among groups of subjects before and after the test، and the stroke patients had higher scores، thus، were more vulnerable.

This article is to compare 12 steps of NA Group and commandments of Islam in a documentary approach. Thus، this comparative survey was executed by studying available information's concerning NA and its 12 steps on one hand، and religious observation on the other hand. The result showed that fundamental steps are self-perception، repentance، trusting and submission to God، profession to one’s sin، keeping vow، redress، etc. Although unknown addict association is neither a religious institute nor representative of a particular belief school، ideally or accidentally is compatible with commandments of Islam. If we study another religion، like Zoroastrianism، Judaism and Christianity، we will actually face with some common elements which can be named as common principles in religiousness. NA directly deals with this common principle without mentioning any religion and changes a passive person to an active one. Therefore، whether religion is mentioned or not، the axis of these steps is basic principles of religiousness. Hence، NA provides religious life by means of these principles.

Purpose of this study was determined knowledge and attitudes of health managers in one of the Military Center's tasks management (planning، organizing، coordination and control). This study was a quasi-experimental، before and after the 60 health managers working in a military facility in Iran. Valid and reliable questionnaire was completed before and after training. Data collected using SPSS software and were analyzed using paired t-test. Results showed that the mean knowledge and attitude of the managers of the management functions of planning، organizing، coordination and control of education has increased. The maximum increased in knowledge related to the organization (from 2/38 to 6/11) and in attitude related to the organization (from 18/9 to 21/9) (p≤0. 000). Training managers can promote health awareness and attitudes toward management tasks effectively. Therefore، the training of military leaders in the field of management tasks to be performed periodically.