نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال سیزدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 72، مهر 1394)

Learning styles can play an important role in the students’ education. The present study aimed to examine the impact of learning styles on the success achieved by postgraduate students at the entrance exam of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The study's main hypothesis was the existence of a significant relationship between learning styles and success of graduate students in the entrance exam. This cross correlation study was conducted on 440 people. By using stratified random sampling 206 ones were included in the study. The research method is «cross correlation»، and Kolb Inventory Questionnaire was used as research tool. In order to analyze the data، regression and Pearson correlation were applied. According to the results، the significance level was less than 0. 05. Consequently، it is revealed that there is a significant relationship between learning styles and the entrance exam scores. All learning styles have significantly positive impact on the entrance exam scores. In addition، converging learning style had the greatest impact and diverging learning style had the least effect. In conclusion، it is strongly recommended to help students who seek to pursue their postgraduate studies by choosing an appropriate learning style.

Enjoying health houses based on a defined physical and structural criteria is important to achieve acceptable level of performance by community health workers (Behvarz). This study aimed to assess the relationship between workspace and arrangement of equipment with performance in health houses in Urmia District health system. This descriptive correlational study was conducted in 2014 at Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 35 health houses were selected with simple random sampling method. Data collection instruments were checklists based on the regulations of the Ministry of Health، which had been approved by the Experts. 65 health workers were working in surveyed health houses. The maximum and minimum population covered by a Health house were 2963 and 487 people respectively. The results showed the effect of the technical equipment arrangement (P = 0. 01، r = 0. 66) used in the health house setting and the size of space (P = 0. 05، r = 0. 34) on the performance of health workers. Number of workers، distance from the city، number of the covered population، qualification and gender had no significant correlation with performance. Multiple regression showed that the arrangement was the most effective factor. This exploratory study showed the impact of workspace and arrangement of equipment on the performance of health house employees. Consideration of structural factors in the organization at the frontline and operational level of service delivery، have inevitable impact on the employee performance، which requires strengthening of hardware and the supply of equipment، along with other effective factors.

During the previous decades increasing the hospital infections have taken into account، increasingly. In the United States، almost 1. 7 million hospital cases and 99000 deaths is reported annually. Surfaces of medical instruments such as Blood pressure cuff، stethoscope and Dialysis machine can accelerate the infection transfer. In this research، determining the hygienic circumstances of instrument surfaces has been investigated in Qom Shahid Beheshti Hospital. This experimental study was performed during 10 weeks in two stages consisting of before and after intervention. The intervention was aimed to the cleaning program which is carried out routinely by hospital tenants. The assessment was applied two times a week with two methods including ICNA and ACC. The results were reported as “clean” and “dirty”. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software version 18. Wilcoxon and Mc-Nemar tests were used. Based on the ICNA method، 61% and 39. 5% of all objects were “dirty” before and after the interventions، respectively. Whereas، based on the ACC method، 76% and 69. 5% of all objects reported as “dirty” before and after the intervention، respectively. Results showed that، the intervention (cleaning program) had a significant impact on increasing the hygienic status according to both ICNA (Pvalue=0. 00) and ACC (Pvalue<0. 001) methods. The cleaning program can be used as an efficient approach to decrease the surface contamination of medical instruments. Monitoring the surface of instruments with ICNA and ACC methods as a routine program can be useful to enhance the cleaning process and reducing the transmission of infections.

Self-assessment is a useful method which leads to the professional development of graduate nurse attention to their clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare Self-assessment and observer assessment of nurse's teaching competency in patient education in cardiac and CCU care units in teaching hospitals affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2013. This analítico- correlación study was performed on 60 nurses working in cardiac care units in hospitals affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences through using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires، teaching competency، and teaching observation checklists in patient education. Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient، t-test and ANOVA using spss software version 16. The mean of the Nurse's Self-assessment score was 15. 31± 2. 05 and، the mean of this evaluation by observation was 12. 63±2. 20 which demonstrated a significant difference (P=0. 001). The correlation coefficient between the scores of Self-assessment and evaluation by observation was weak and statistically not significant (r=0. 1، P=0. 11). In general، nurse's perceptions of their knowledge and teaching competency was exagerated and this can lead to a lack of trying to promote your knowlegde which itself can disturbe the process of patient care. Therefore، self assessment is highly recomended to be done by nurses.

Antenatally detected of congenital abnormalities can prevent the bearing of abnormal newborns that can create big problems for family and society. The aim of this study was comparing the results of amniocentesis and triple marker tests. This is a descriptive study which carried out in 2013. The participants in this study consisted of 205 pregnant women at 15–20 weeks of pregnancy. The result of Down syndrome and other Aneuploidy screening were high in these patients who referred to Alzahra hospital of Tabriz for amniocentesis. A questionnaire including demographic، Down syndrome and triple marker test information was used for data collection. Independent-Samples T-Test، Pearson test and One- Way ANOVA were used for data analysis by applying SPSS /ver 13. The findings indicated that the mean (SD) age of participants was 33. 9 ±4. AFP in 139 (68. 5%) was lower than 1 MOM، Total βhcg in 68 (33. 4%) was higher than 2 MOM، UE3 in 133 (65. 5%) was lower than 1 MOM and Inhibin in 29 (31. 2%) was higher than 2 MOM. Aneuploidy was detected in 11 newborns (10 down syndrome، 1 Klinefelter's syndrome). There were significant relationship between risk of Down syndrome and amniocentesis result (P= 0. 0001). There werent significant relationship between NTD and trisomy 18 to amniocentesis result (P≥ 0. 05). There were significant relationship between age (P= 0. 03)، number of delivery (P= 0. 04)، number of children (P= 0. 03) and prior abnormal child (P= 0. 001) and amniocentesis results. The results showed that the screening in first trimester can detected 11 newborns of aneuploidies and it can prevent the stress of family، and invasive techniques (amniocentesis). So we can use this way as a routine screening method.

The process of infertility comes along with various social، mental، physical and financial stresses. The process of AVF treatment makes about 1. 3% of women depressed having much anxiety in terms of psychiatric health. This also makes an intervention with the process of treatment in this regard. The present study tries to determine the impact of relaxation on anxiety and the result of EVF in patients with infertility that have been referred to the infertility center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2012-2013. This experimental study is a clinical-based examination type that has been carried out on 100 infertile women using AVF treatment ranging from 25-35 year old during 2012-2013، who referred to the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method is an available way and the related data were gathered by using Newton infertility anxiety questionnaire. The samples were divided into two groups of case and observation. The related data was analyzed by the descriptive statistics، T-test and covariance analysis in p<0. 05 level. The mean score of anxiety in two groups before the relaxation was 163. 24 and 165. 48، respectively. The related t-test did not show a significant difference between two groups. (p>0. 05). After the relaxation، the mean score of the anxiety was obtained between two groups as 148. 38 and 156. 18، respectively. The t-test showed a significant difference between two groups after the relaxation (p<0. 05). Also، the covariance results showed significant statistical difference between two groups in terms of anxiety reduction. Therefore، the number of positive results was 20 cases in observation group and 19 cases in experimental group in this regard. The number of negative replies was 30 cases in observation group and 31 ones in experimental group in this study. The results of K-Square test did not show a significant difference between two groups in relation to the positive replies of pregnancy test. (p>0. 05). Due to the result of the present study the relaxation process is an effective way on reducing the related patients’ anxiety degree. This reduced a considerable degree of the case group anxiety but it does not have an essential role in its own success.

Mechanical ventilation devices are widely used to treat patients who are in critical conditions. Although the use of mechanical ventilation devices has unique advantages for the patient، but on the other hand، it creates a variety of problems، including the inability to verbal communication and anxiety. This study intends to investigate the impact of using communication boards to reduce the anxiety of conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation hospitalized in the intensive care unit. In this Quasi-experimental Study، 30 conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation hospitalized in the intensive care unit were enrolled consecutively، and they were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The control group (15 patients) was using routine methods for communication while in the intervention group (15 patients)، the communication board was given to patients to communicate. Completing Sigmund Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire was performed 24، and 72 hours after intubation for both groups. Significance level of statistical tests was considered 5%. The case study of two groups was homogenous in terms of age and sex. Statistical analysis of anxiety scores showed that after the intervention there were significant differences between intervention and control groups (p=0/003). Statistical results showed that anxiety decreased in both groups over time، but it decreased significantly in the intervention group than the control group (p=0/000). The use of a communication board in conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation can reduce anxiety.

Interdialytic weight gain control and reaching dry weight is a critical issue for patients undergoing hemodialysis. Lack of reaching to the desired dry weight of the patient leads to consequences، such as hypertension، acute pulmonary edema، congestive heart failure، left ventricular hypertrophy، and increased complications during dialysis، resulting in increased mortality of the patients. In diabetic patients good control of diabet lead to better control of interdialytic weight gain. Education is an important issue to self-care and control of diabet. So this study was done to determine the effect of electronic education and Short Message Service on hemoglobin A1C، interdialytic weight gain and blood pressure in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. This was a quasi-experimental study. 100 eligible patients entered the study via convenient sampling. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: control and intervention group. For control group، routine education and for intervention group electronic education for three months was applied. Before and after the intervention، fasting blood sugar and HbA1c، interdialytic weight gain and blood pressure were measured in two groups. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test، student’s independent t-test، descriptive statistics، and SPSS software version 20.. Patients in the two groups regarding quantitative variables (age، duration of hemodialysis) and qualitative variables (gender، type of vascular access، and antihypertensive drugs) did not have a statistically significant difference in the two groups، and they were similar (P > 0. 05). Fasting blood sugar، HbA1c، interdialytic weight gain and systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in intervention group (P < 0. 001). In the control group، there was no significant change in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c، interdialytic weight gain and blood pressure (P > 0. 05). Mean diastolic blood pressure in the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference (P = 0. 808). Electronic education improve the self-care of diabetic patients in the intervention group after education، this improved the mean fasting blood sugar and HbA1c، interdialytic weight gain and systolic blood pressure. Based on the benefits of electronic education and Short Message Service، using and planning of this method is highly recommended

Medication errors are the most common types of medical errors that can lead to serious injuries and even death of the patient. Many factors are related to nurse's medication administration errors، including managerial factors. The aim of this study was to determine the nurse's perspective on related managerial factors with medication administration errors in critical care units. This research is a cross sectional study، and the research population include all nurses working in critical care units (ICU and CCU) of university hospitals. Nurse perspective on managerial factors related to medication administration errors was evaluated through a two-part researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 using exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that four variables including illegibility of index card، lack of medication protocol on ward، lack of staff supervision and control and inadequate training on medication therapy are the most important managerial factors related to medication errors in nursing perspective respectively. Given the importance of patient safety and influence of managerial factors in occurrence of medication errors، it is recommend to managers to establish a computerized physician order entry system، placing protocols relating to medication therapy available to nurses and retraining courses about medication.

Parents play an important role in the care of infants in NICUs. Since parental support is an important part of the nurse's responsibility، this study was conducted to investigate the factors of parental stress relief. Qualitative content analysis was used in this study. Study participants included 21 parents، doctors and nurses in Isfahan hospitals who were selected by purposive sampling method. Based on the data analysis، three main categories were observed including supportive care factors، health care factors، and communication factors. Nurses performance in the NICU focuses on the survival and development needs of the infants. By taking into cconsideration that one of the tasks of neonatal nurses is providing proper care to the parents، awareness of the health care providers of parental stress relief can help them to reduce the stress of parents.