فصلنامه خانواده و پژوهش
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1393)

This study was undertaken to determine the factors affecting teachers’ job satisfaction in Gilan-e Gharb Iranian city. The sample of this survey was selected using multistage cluster sampling method and included 300 male and female teachers. The instrumentation comprised a self-devised structured questionnaire. For the purpose of data analysis, chi-square and multivariate regression analysis were used. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the independent variables (gender, marital status, homeownership status, pay and benefits, dependants) and the facets of the dependent variable (satisfaction with the work itself, satisfaction with benefits, and job satisfaction). It should be noted that no significant association was observed between age, level of education, and teachers’ job satisfaction. Results of multivariate regression showed that R2 indices for satisfaction with the work itself, satisfaction with benefits, and job satisfaction were 0.24, 0.29 and 0.27, respectively. The independent variables in the equation accounted for 24 percent of variance in satisfaction with the work itself. These indexes were 29 and 34 percent for satisfaction with benefits and job satisfaction.

This research sought to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the trust in interpersonal relationships scale (Remple and Holmes, 1986). The population of the study comprised all teacher couples in Shiraz in 2012-2013 academic year (14379 teachers). The sample included 270 couples who were selected through random cluster sampling. To gather the data, trust in interpersonal relationships scale was used. Results of factor analysis showed that the trust scale assessed three factors, i.e., predictability (5 items), trust (5 items), and faith (8 items). The internal consistency coefficients for the interpersonal relationship scale and the subscales of predictability, trust, and faith were found to be 0.821, 0.322, 0.771, and 0.815, respectively. The results of the construct validity showed that there was a significant difference between men and women regarding the dimensions of the trust scale. In fact, trust and faith subscales were higher among women and the predictability subscale was higher among men. In addition, there was a significant, negative relationship between duration of marriage, faith and trust; however, no significant association was observed between duration of marriage and predictability.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the couple therapy based on internal control psychology in increasing marital satisfaction. The research design was pretest-posttest with control group. The population of the study consisted of 240 married students of Farhangiyan University of Babol. The sample which was selected through random sampling included 20 couples who possessed external locus of control and suffered from marital dissatisfaction. They were assigned to control (10 couples) and experimental (10 couples) groups. The instrumentation comprised Rotter Locus of Control Scale, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and clinical interview. Data were analyzed by descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression analysis and analysis of covariance). Results showed that the couple therapy based on internal control psychology was effective in increasing marital satisfaction. Thus, the couple therapy based on internal control psychology can be used as one of the intervention models for couples who suffer from marital dissatisfaction and intend to divorce.

The present research was undertaken to investigate the relationship between parenting styles, self-discipline and students’ academic achievement. The population of the study comprised the entire high school girls and boys in Kermanshah, including 29745 students in 2012-2013 academic year. From among them 400 students were selected through Morgan’s Table. For observing the appropriate proportion of girls to boys, random stratified sampling method was used which led to the selection of 180 males and 220 females. The instrumentation consisted of Zand-e Karimi’s self-discipline questionnaire (2011) and Naghashian’s Parents’ Behavioral Aspects Questionnaire (1979). Results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between academic achievement and authoritative parenting style. In addition, there was a positive relationship between academic achievement, self-discipline, and levels of internalizing and identification, whereas a negative relationship was observed between immoral level of self-discipline and academic achievement (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that in comparison with authoritative parenting style, self-discipline could explain more variance in academic achievement (24.7% vs. 4%). Generally speaking, self-discipline, especially level of internalizing should be reinforced in order to promote students’ academic achievement and parents should receive training in authoritative parenting style.

This research aimed to examine the relationship between organizational health and the effectiveness of Parents-Teachers Associations in Iran. In this correlational study the sample size was determined to be 900 according to Kjercie-Morgan Table and 200 school principals and 700 Associations members were selected through random stratified sampling. The instrumentation comprised Organizational Health Test (Hoy et al., 1996; Alagheband, 1999) with seven sub-scales as well as Parents-Teachers Associations Effectiveness Test which contained seven dimensions and was devised parallel to Hersey-Blanchard Effectiveness Test. The obtained data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between elements of organizational health including influence, initiating structure, morale, academic emphasis, and the effectiveness of the Associations. In addition, academic emphasis and morale had a significant effect on the effectiveness of the Associations. These two elements explained part of the variance in the Associations’ effectiveness. Furthermore, there was a positive, significant relationship between principals’ technical, institutional as well as managerial skills and the Associations’ effectiveness. In fact, principals’ skills at technical level can explain part of the variance in the effectiveness of the Associations. Generally speaking, the effectiveness of Parents-Teachers Associations can be predicted based on schools’ organizational health and improvement of technical, institutional and managerial skills can lead to the attainment of educational objectives.

This research was conducted to assess the relationship between mothers’ child-rearing practices (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) and their daughters’ mental health. To this end, 373 students of the third grade of junior high school were selected in Tehran through random cluster sampling method. The design of the study was survey. The instrumentation comprised a 28-item version of Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire and Buri's Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). For the purpose of data analysis, descriptive (mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of regression were used. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between authoritative parenting style and mental health, while there was a negative association between authoritarian parenting style and mental health (p<0.05). In addition, no relationship was observed between permissive parenting style and mental health. Hence, it can be concluded that in comparison with authoritarian style, permissive style is associated with higher levels of mental health.