مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 74، تابستان 1394)

Finding methods for lie detection is one of the main concerns in human Societies. The aim of this study was to design a system to evaluate the arterial photoplethysmograph signal in polygraph system and submit it as a new signal on the polygraph. The data set included psychophysiology signals and was done through an inductive test and by using classic polygraph device in two groups. After recording the signals، the signals noises were removed and time features were extracted. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and T-test. Consequently data were classified and accuracy coefficient was calculated by applying these features to Linear Discriminate Analysis LDA. All data processing was done in MATLAB software. 20 men participated in the study. The results showed that changing of arterial photoplethysmograph signal has significantly reduced in target question (P=0. 022) and it could create a higher accuracy in lie detection. By combining signals and using arterial photoplethysmograph، the best results were obtained and the accuracy was calculated as 81. 33%. by replacing a new signal in this study، the percentage of accuracy was calculated comparable with other methods of polygraph. So this new method can be suggested for use as a lie screening system.

Violence against women has very bad persistent effects on victims، therefore recognizing of risk factors is very important. This study was carried out to compare emotional and social intelligence of normal and victims of violence women. The present study was based on a causal-comparative of cross-sectional. Statistical society of this research included victims of violence women in Ardabil city that had gone to forensic medicine and judiciary and police force of state during 2013. Among these women، 30 that were willing to cooperate، were considered as the sample. Also 30 individuals were selected by sampling method of ordinary women in Ardabil. Tools for data collection were considered Tromso Social Intelligence Scale to assess social intelligence، and petrides and Furnhams Emotional Intelligence Scale for measuring emotional intelligence of samples. To analysis of data، descriptive statistics (Average، Standard deviation) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance test (manova) were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference among women who were victims of domestic violence، in terms of emotional intelligence، but no differences were observed in terms of social intelligence. This study shows that high emotional intelligence not only prevents and social violence، but also their high position، cause right behaviors in time of violent. Therefore، it seems that training and strengthening of emotional and social intelligence can have a preventively effects on rate of violence against women.

Problem-solving skill and how to deal with problems، is necessary to avoid conflicts and domestic violence against women especially in pregnancy، as pregnant women are most vulnerable women victims of violence. This study aimed to determine differences problem-solving skills in women with and without domestic violence.

In this case-control study، 419 pregnant women were selected through stratified cluster sampling from primary healthcare of Tehran، and divided in non-violent (135) and violent (284 cases) groups. Data collection Tools were Demographic، the CTS2 (scale conflict resolution) and problem solving (Heppner and Peterson) questionnaire. To analyze the data، chi-square، Fisher's exact test، t-test was used.

71% (284 patients) of subjects had experienced violence in the past year. 93/3%، 64/4% and 54% of pregnant women had experienced psychological، physical and sexual، respectively. The results showed that، the element of self-confidence and personal control in problem-solving was statistically significant different، between groups (p<0. 001)، While difference in the element of avoidance-close to it (213/0 = P) and general problem solving (926/0 = P) was not significant.

Given that pregnant victims of violence have less self-confidence and personal control in solving the problems، so the strengthening of these two components can reduce the prevalence of domestic violence and its complications during pregnancy.

Different measures of mortality and morbidity statistics is a good tool in determining the health status of a community،the health network development and application of methods of prevention and treatment. Basis of mortality data is the death certificate and the most important index in death certificate is accuracy of death causes with WHO standards and death causes codes in ICD10. WHO presents the rules and instructions on proper completion of death certificates، underlying cause of death and their coding approach. On the whole ICD10 has provided suitable preparation and internationally comparable statistics of deaths among countries that have adopted the standards promulgated by the WHO. The study was observational cross-sectional and retrospective. The study population was patients at Sinai hospital in Tehran in the second 6 months of 2013. For data collection standard check list is used. Finally، after encoding the collected data and registration of them in SPSS software they were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Rate of death causes accuracy in death certificates issued based on the world health organization and the international classification of diseases was 66. 2 percent. Most deaths have occurred among men aged over 70 years. 30. 5 percent of death occurred during hospitalization less than 24 hours. Emergency wards and ICU respectively with 33. 5 percent and 29. 6 percent have the highest mortality rate. The overall agreement between direct causes of death listed on death certificates and medical records was 0. 68 and overall agreement between underlying causes of death listed on the death certificate with underlying causes recorded in the medical records was 0. 64 which statistically classified in good level. Most accuracy of coding based on ICD10 chapters is related to the genitourinary system diseases (91%) and the lowest accuracy in circulatory system diseases (73%) has been recorded. In this study the agreement between the initial and final diagnosis was low،which indicates a defect in the death certificates of death registration system. According to international standards announced by the WHO recording interval from onset to death should be given more attention. on the other hand، due to the importance of the cause of death on the standard death certificate، it is necessary to accurately detect these diagnosis and considering the general and specific rules defined in the international classification of diseases، and they be coded in order to analysis of indicators of mortality statistics.

In medical terms، abortion is deliberate، artificial or unnatural embryo expulsion before natural time so that it is not capable to live independently. In legal terms abortion is expulsion of the fetus prematurely so that it isn’t alive or it can’t live. In other words abortion is to disrupt the normal during pregnancy. In various legal systems، there are different approaches about abortion. In some systems it is absolutely legal، in some systems it is absolutely illegal and in some it is permitted under circumstances. One of the most important، therapeutic or legal abortion that is a situation that continue to pregnancy is dangerous and woman’s life threats due to illness or … and interruption of pregnancy is proposed for prevention of physical or mental health even as a necessary to save the mother's life. Then legislator under special circumstances and with permission allowed it. In other Muslim countries and legal systems، the therapeutic abortion is accepted under circumstances that mainly is to save Pregnant woman’s mental or physical health. This article study therapeutic abortion، its conditions and issues such as abortion resulted from rape.

One of the research methods in the realm of science is using the comparative or in other words harmonistic method. Using this method is not something unprecedented، as they say، the mind of human being doesn’t stop thinking even for a moment، and naturally evaluates every cognition with another cognition and understanding، and with the application of this method it can understand the relation between different phenomena and therefore it can reach a proper understanding of them. Organ transplantation is one of the most important innovations in medical science which is used for a special treatment of some diseases، but like any other innovation it has its disadvantages beside its advantages and would cause some new challenges. In a sectional، analytical and comparative study، the necessary information has been extracted from the existing resources in Tehran faculty of law libraries and the Tehran university faculty of medical sciences library and faculty of medical science of Shahid Beheshti university and also libraries of researches center for ethics and medical history of Tehran university of medical sciences، Shahid Beheshti، and the office of WHO. In this article the researchers will be dealing comparatively study legal system organs transplant In Iran and England. primarily we will refer to the existing regulations in Iran especially the constitution، Islamic criminal law، moral codes and sanitary and medical regulations and …،after that we will be dealing with، anatomy act 1984، human organ transplantation act 1989، tissue with human source act 2004،human tissue act 2004 (individuals who are not able to subscribe for transplant)، act 2006، human tissue act (quality and security for human use) 2007. Examination on the laws and regulations in both Iran and England indicated that both countries have indispensible regulations regarding organ donation، with a diversification which for England the regulations are more elaborate in details but in the case of Iran they are more general.

When the study was conducted، teleworking was raise as a new idea that could bring possible benefits for employees. Teleworking is now keeping silence because this matter is less considered. It is hoped that the results of this study and other studies show the benefits of remote working for employees and employers. Teleworkers are the workers who do all or part of their jobs apart from their employer's site with the use of technology. The present research is to test and study the teleworking adoption by managers with the use of casual patterns of relationships between variables، the impact of personal، organizational، the perception of usefulness، the perception of understanding and the attitude toward teleworking. This research is a descriptive-survey study and is based on functional goals. The Statistical population of this research is 120 which include all managers and authorities of legal medicine organization. From the total number، 109 questioners were being completed. To gather data questioner have been used. The validity of the research has been by 20 experts and the reliability of the research has been gained by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 891. The research findings show that the personal factors have an indirect impact on teleworking adoption and tottaly have a meaningful relation and they have a very important role on teleworking adoption by managers. The organizational factors have not an indirect impact on teleworking adoption and there is no meaningful relationship in general. Results demonstrated that there is no effect of «ease of understanding» on «the acceptance of teleworking». There is a relationship between the perception of usefulness and teleworking adoption. The impact of attitude toward teleworking on teleworking adoption also retrieves from the impact of manager's attitude on teleworking adoption. This study represents the institution-centered behavior of managers toward teleworking، therefore، if the managers have sufficient knowledge about the benefits of teleworking، they will have positive attitude toward it and also show more flexibility toward adoption in organizations.

Agree mental or contractual justice is a novel theory in criminal sciences and one of the new approaches in criminal policy which believers in interaction between judge (and other brokers in criminal justice) and accused in legal procedure. According to this theory، talking and reaching to an agreement with accused in dealing with crimes، determining the punishment and implementing the victim is one of the effective ways of exploring and preventing the crimes and criminal amendment and vindication of the victim has application in all of the areas of criminal sciences such as the science of criminalities and legal medicine. In this essay first، the concepts and goals of agree mental justice will be stated and then besides of defining of criminal policy and its kinds and features، application of contractual justice in this area and how the contract with defendants and offenders affects prevention of crime and fight against، especially in the area of criminal law with stating it’s different legal examples، will be assessed. It should be noted that the goal of agree mental justice is not criminal flexibility against offenders and toleration of dangerous and professional offenders، but this theory is seeking new ways of exploring the crimes and reforming the criminal with utilization of maximum social potential. Thus، its implementation should be regarded with some issues which needs designing of its executive model and anticipation of its required set up.