مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 40، تابستان 1394)

Aim and Dynamic Psychotherapy is based on the principle that emotional expression is a important dimension of psycho health and psycho trauma is related with deficit in emotional expression. Therefore, in this research it has been tried to study efficacy of anxiety regulation short-term dynamic psychotherapy for increase emotional expression in Social Phobia. Methods and Materials: This clinical study was carried out on patient referring to Ferdowsi university clinical center in framework of single case by using multiple baseline in 20 sessions with a follow-up period of 3 months. Instrument was included SCID, GAF, SPIN and EEQ. Visual analysis and percent of improvement were used for analysis if the data. Treatment created considerable increase in emotional expression (63%) and improved the social phobia symptoms of patient (66%) and results of treatment continued up to follow-up period. (71%, 69%). anxiety regulation short-term dynamic psychotherapy has appropriate efficacy for increase emotional expression & treatment of Social Phobia Disorder.

Aim and Considering the importance of correct diagnosis depression disorder, this study investigated the predisposing factors and appropriate solutions with a focus on solution-oriented therapy. Methods and Materials: The method of this study reviewed theoretical literature and research literature. Findings related to factors Causes of depression and various theories were presented such as cognitive – behavioral treatment, metacognition, solution – focused therapy Factors such as sex, marital status, social relations and. .. affect depression. According to different theories, several factors can cause depression and different treatments are recommended. The solution – focused brief therapy was effective in different areas such as individuals with behavioral problems, teenagers in danger and also increases the academic performance of students. It is effective in the treatment of depression.

Abstract Aim and Sleep deprivation has many negative effects on body and specialy cognitive proceses of hippocampus. Oxidative stress due to this deprivation has a critical role in cell degeneration and behavioral changes in experimental animals and humans.On the other hand antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxides, catalane are the first body defense against free radicals. Present research was designed in order to evaluate oxidative stress in hippocampus, spatial learning and memory following rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in adult male rats. Methods and Materials: Forty Sprague- Dawelyadult male rats were used in this study. The animals randomly divided in five groups of trials and control. Flower pot technique was used for REM-SD of 72 hours. After REM-SD behavioral study was done by using Morris Water Maze. To study the oxidative stress the animals were decapitated 24 hours after behavioral experiments, hippocampus was separated, then homogenized and centrifuged. After those change in SOD activity was measured in supernatant accordance with proposed protocol of SOD kit (by Eliza fluorescent in 340 nm). Data analyzed by SPSS19 and the results presented in the form of Mean ± SD, P< 0.05 considered significant.. Our finding showed that short term REM-SD dose not lead to significant decrease of oxidative stress in hippocampus of trial groups comparing trials (P< 0.05). It is also showed that REM-SD significantly affected the learning and memory indexes in REM-SD groups than control animals (P<0.004, P<0.025) Based on our findings it changes in learning and memory following short term REM-SD due to mechanisms except oxidative stress in hippocampus. Also planning to improve sleep quality could have short-term or long-term benefits for hippocampus structures and human health in behavior, learning, memory, stress management & etc.

Aim and The most common psychiatric disorders in the general population, especially in Iran, are anxiety disorders and mood disorders. Several theories have been developed in recent years to explain the cognitive and behavioral disorders, including the “intolerance of uncertainty” model. This study aims at comparing variables of intolerance of uncertainty, worriness, cognitive avoidance and negative problem orientation, among patients with generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and normal subjects. Methods and Materials: Three groups of patients with generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and normal subjects, each with 30 members were selected using purposive sampling method. In order to collect the required data, questionnaires of intolerance of uncertainty, worriness, cognitive avoidance and negative problem orientation were used among three groups. Collected data was analyzed using Multivariate analysis and variance analysis as well as SPSS software version18. In four above mentioned variables, the difference between the three groups reached a significant level (P<0.05). In the variables of intolerance of uncertainty, worriness and negative problem orientation, the difference between each of the two groups of patients with generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder with normal subjects was significant (P<0.05). The difference between patients with major depressive disorder and normal subjects in cognitive avoidance variables was also significant (P <0.05). Four factors existing in “intolerance of uncertainty” model are common features of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder. Psychiatrists and psychologists awareness of these factors can accelerate the identification, diagnosis and treatment of failure patterns in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and major depression.

Aim and Multidimensional and complex nature of bipolar disorder requires assessment and usage of modern treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) compare to psycho – educational family therapy on Social performance in bipolar patients.Methods and Materials: This was a semi-empirical research with pretest-posttest design, using control group. From among the bipolar woman who had referred to psychological hospitals and clinics in Isfahan city in Iran, 24 patients were selected by purposeful sampling and were divided into three equal groups randomly. The first group received meta-cognitive therapy, second group received psycho-educational family therapy and the third group received drug therapy. The data were gathered using semi-structured interview based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition) criteria and dysfunctional attitudes scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and covariance with SPSS 16 software. There wasn’t difference significant between the mean scores of meta-cognitive therapy groups compared with psycho – educational family therapy (p<0.05). Also, there was difference significant between the mean scores of both group meta-cognitive therapy and psycho – educational family therapy compared with drug therapy. using meta-cognitive therapy and psycho – educational family therapy with the drug increases Social performance in bipolar patients. Therefore it is recommended family and therapists trained in this field.

Abstract Aim and The breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women and low quality of sleep is one of the most common complications experienced by patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation and music therapy methods on sleep quality of breast cancer patients. Methods and Materials: Research method of this study was experimental and its’ design was pre-test and post-test on multi groups. The population of this study were the total number of females who suffer from breast cancer and were introduced themselves to Shafaparto Clinic in Ardabil province in order to radiotherapy from 2011 September until 2012 April. The samples were selected using accessible sampling, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for data collection. The data were analyzed by chi square and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). Results showed that both treatment methods were effective in promotion of sleep quality in cancer patients (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatment methods on all quality sleep components (p<0.05), with the exception of sleep disturbance component (p>0.05). It is advised that the therapists used the progressive muscles relaxation and music therapy techniques, along with the routine interventions, in order to promote sleep quality in cancer patients. Keywords: Progressive Muscles Relaxation, Music Therapy, Sleep Quality, Breast Cancer.

Aim and This study aimed at studying the role of incarceration length and HIV/AIDS on severity of psychopathological symptoms in substance abusers. Methods and Materials: In a cross sectional-retrospective study, 43 substance abusers with HIV/AIDS and 49 ones without HIV/AIDS were selected by available and consecutive sampling methods that were under Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) in counseling clinics of behavioral diseases and addiction abandonment. All of them were evaluated respecting matched confounding variables via symptom check list-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results were analyzed by chi-square (χ2), independent t-test, two-variable regression, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Although the average of incarceration length was higher in substance abusers with HIV/AIDS, the prediction equations of psychological distress severity based on incarceration length indicated the significance and strength of this relationship in substance abusers without HIV/AIDS (P=0.004). However, this relationship was not significant in substance abusers with HIV/AIDS (P=0.061). The effect of history of incarceration and HIV/AIDS was significant on psychological distress severity in both groups (P=0.001, P=0.049, respectively). The interactive effect of each of these factors was not significant on psychological distress severity. While it was significant on depression levels and positive symptoms total (PST). The higher incarceration length has more detrimental role on psychological distress severity in substance abusers without HIV/AIDS. Having both a history of incarceration and HIV/AIDS endangers the mental health of substance abusers. Meanwhile, although substance abusers with HIV/AIDS without incarceration history had higher levels of depression, substance abusers with HIV/AIDS with history of incarceration suffered more from number or higher range of psychological symptoms.

Aim and Purpose of this study is evaluating and comparing clinical patterns personalities in suicide attempters and normal group. Methods and Materials: This causal – comparative expost facto research base study preformed on totally 90 suicide attempters, 18 to 21 years age. The study uses the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. Multi – variable variance method is used; and the SPPSS19 soft ware is applied for data analysis. Statistics results show that there are a meaningful relation between all studied groups in all clinical pattern personalities scales (P<0.001), except for clinical Obsessive–Compulsive and Aggressive (Sadistic) personalities. The most meaningful difference among groups is more prevalent in clinical depressive disorder pattern. Suicide attempters have more abnormal clinical pattern personalities than normal group

Abstract Aim and The present study examined the reliability, validity and factor structure of the four-dimensional measure of health questionnaire based on Biopsychosocial-spiritual model. Methods and Materials: The sample consisted of 311 individuals (including depressed people, people with heart disease, and Healthy people) which they collected with accessible sampling method from Shiraz in 1391. For collecting data we used four-dimensional measure of health questionnaire with 125 items that content validity of that was approved by professors. To achieve construct validity we used exploratory factor analysis. According to good validity and reliability of the 4-dimensional measure of health, we proposed using this questionnaire to measure health in any health survey. Suicide attempters have more abnormal clinical pattern personalities than normal group

Aim and Due to the high incidence of breast cancer and the importance of spiritual wellbeing (SWB) of patients with this type of cancer, this study was performed to predict the role of psychological, medical and demographic factors, on SWB in patients with breast cancer Methods and Materials: This Cross sectional study was a descriptive-analytic one conducted in 341 breast cancer patients with simple sampling methodology. Data collection instrument included a questionnaire contains 3 parts (demographic and medical information, SWB questionnaire and DASS-42 questionnaire). The data was analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (One way Analysis of Variance, Student t-Test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and Multiple linear regressions), with applying SPSSv20 software. Based on study findings, there was a statistically significant relationship between SWB and stress, anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients. The results of regression analysis indicated that the stress, anxiety and depression explained totally 39.5% of the variance of patient's SWB (R2= 39.5). Depression in the first was the best predictions of the breast cancer patient's SWB with R2= 26.2. According to the results obtained, SWB of patients with breast cancer is predicable according to the stress, anxiety and depression. Breast cancer patients with higher grades of SWB, had lower stress, anxiety and depression so SWB is a protective factor against stress, anxiety and depression

Abstract Aim and The purpose of this paper was to investigate psychometric properties of the positive aspects of physical disease questionnaire for Iranian samples. Methods and Materials: The present research was a descriptive-survey study. Statistical population consisted of all patients, men or women, in 2011 who have past at least 3 months after the onset of their illness. Sample includes 514 patients selected by using available sampling method. Instruments used were Silver Lining Questionnaire (SLQ) and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which assesses the questionire s reliability, was 0.92 and the correlation coefficient between the questionnaire and general health questionnaire was 0.67. Content validity of the questionnaire was ranked by three professors of psychology as "Very good". 8 factors were obtained from the result of exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire s structural validity. These factors were more then 1, and the shared percetage of variance among the variables was 10.27 percent of the total variance. Furtheremore, the questionnaire measurement model via confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit model. According to the performed factor analysis results, it can be said that in general, factor analysis was able, for the most part, to confirm the questions desined for the model, indicating that this questionire can be used for Iranaian samples.

Abstract Aim and Many of diseases, especially chronic and debilitating types, have co-morbidity with psychological problems. One of these chronic diseases which has co-morbidity with psychological problems is renal failure. This disease can endanger public health. This study was conducted aiming to examine the effectiveness of group logo therapy on hope and general health of dialysis patients at Milad Hospital of Tehran, Iran. Methods and Materials: Research method was semi-experimental and research design was the kind of pretest-posttest. The statistical community includes all patients admitted to the dialysis sector at Milad Hospital of Tehran in the fall and winter at 2012. Thirty patients were selected purposively and then replaced at random in two control and experiment groups (15 subjects in each group). The experiment group was admitted to group logo therapy intervention in 8 sessions during 90 minutes and the control group was also at waiting list and was admitted to no intervention. Covariance analysis test was used for analyzing data. The confidence distance and acceptable error are 0.95 and 0.05 respectively. The findings showed that rate of hope and general health increased among the patients who were admitted to intervention logo therapy According to the results obtained, it can be said that logo therapy approach was effective in increasing hope and general health among dialysis patients at Milad Hospital of Tehran.

Aim and As cancer grows exponentially in world and affects the quality of life, the quintessence of taking appropriate actions on quality of life, like logotherapy which is a psychotherapic intervention is essential. This study aims at measuring the impact of logotherapy on the quality of life in cancer patients who were cured in Seyed-o-Shohada hospital, Isfahan, Iran in year 2012. Methods and Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study who was cured in Seyed-o-Shohada hospital, Isfahan, Iran in year 2012. It contains pretests and post-tests, and a questionnaire of demographic and SF36 quality of life information. Sampling is done by convenience method and allocation of samples to two groups of intervention and control. Each group contains 37 samples. Samples are measured by standard tools of quality of life. Then logotherapy sessions were arranged for patients in 8 session twice a week for 2 hours, and after a month they were again tested for their quality of life. Descriptive and analytical methods by SPSS software are used to render the statistics. The average of quality of life points after the intervention in comparison to what it was before the intervention in control group was 8.6±3.3 units reduced but in intervention group 19.8±3.1 units increased. According to the T test, the difference between the average quality of life points in intervention group is significantly increased in comparison to control group. (t=-6.22(df=71); P<0.001). This shows how this method can be used to improve the quality of life in cancer patients as well as their knowledge about cancer as related to the impacts of logotherapy on their lives.

Abstract Aim and This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy in reducing internalizing problems in children. Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this research were primary school children 7-8 year- old in Isfahan city. In order to select of sample group by using the cluster sampling, at first 3 regions between regions of Isfahan city were selected. Then in each region, 2 schools were selected randomly. Moreover, mothers of all 7-8 year-old children in these schools completed CBCL (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001).then 30 children who obtained the highest score of internalizing scale of the CBCL were selected as a sample group. Children were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: childcentered play therapy and filial therapy. In child-centered play therapy group, each child participated in 16 sessions play therapy and in filial group, mothers received 10 group session. In two group, mothers completed CBCL twice before the intervention and twice after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data The data revealed significant difference between play therapy and filial therapy in decreasing internalizing problems and anxiety/ depression but filial therapy was not more effective in depression/ with draw. Then, filial therapy can be considered suitable alternative for child-centered play therapy in decreasing internalizing disorder and depression/withdraw

Abstract Aim and Gender Dysphoric disorder is a phenomenon with unclear cause and has a strong impact on affected person and his/her family. We designed a study to compare perception of people with and without Gender dysphoria regarding Family function. Methods and Materials: During a correlatioal study and through easy sampling we included 30 Gender dysphonic people and 30 non Tran’s participants from people who were referring to Navid bakhsh clinic in Isfahan. All participants completed Farsi version of FAD-53 questionnaire and additional questions regarding their demographic data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 with compare means by independent-samples T test. The analysis of data indicated a significant differences between two groups about their perception regarding Relationship components (p=0.000), Emotional involvement (p=0.001), Role Playing (p=0.000), Problem solving (p=0.049). The person’s with Gender Dysphonic disorder had a low Performance in these components. Our results show that Gender Dysphoric people have more difficulties in relationship and emotional issues, role playing and problem solving in their families. Our findings might be helpful in planning for intervention in this type of families. Further studies are warranted with greater sample size to compare family functioning and attachment style of gender dysphonic people.

Aim and The purpose of this study was to compare vitality, marital adjustment and difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation in parents of deaf children and normal children. The research design is descriptive and comparative. The study population consisted of all parents of students with deaf and normal boys and girls. Study group of 50 parents of students with deaf and a comparable group of 50 parents are normal. Methods and Materials: Method of sampling is random. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, and multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. The research instrument was Deci& Ryan validity questionnaire (1977), Spiner Marital adjustment questionnaire (1978), Inventory difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation (2004). The results indicate that there are significant differences between the two groups in vitality, marital adjustment and difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation. According to the present findings, can be concluding that the reduction of difficulties in cognitive – emotional regulation can be increased emotional satisfaction and vitality in the group of parents with deaf children.

Abstract Aim and This study investigated the relationships between sexual assertiveness as showing a strong and confident personality in sexual relation and marital conflicts between couples. Methods and Materials: During a correlational study a random sample of married women, (N=225) who were living in Zarrin Shahr (Isfahan province) in 1393 were selected. They answered Hulbert sexual assertiveness and Bagher Sanai Marital Conflict questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis with SPSS 19 conducted. Analysing the data showed that there is a significant negative correlation - 0/203 between sexual assertiveness and marital conflict (P<0.05). The correlation between sexual assertiveness and decreasing sexual relations -0.131, increased exciting reactions -0.149, separating financial affairs -0/188, and reducing effective relations -0.249 was significant. (P<0.05). The strongest relation was observed between sexual assertiveness and reducing effective relations. our findings suggest that with decreasing sexual assertiveness, marital conflict for our participant increases. Further quantitative studies with greater sample size and qualitative researches in Iranian cities with more conservative sexual norms are warranted to evaluate the relationship between these two variables. We believe that development of courses of sex education and assertiveness based on Iranian Islamic norms will be useful for improvement of women's sexual assertiveness and decreasing marital conflict in their families.