فصلنامه مهندسی فرهنگی
پیاپی 83 (بهار 1394)

In this article, through the usage of Bordieau pattern, the relation between lifestyle and the religious gatherings has been studied. In order to do this, apart from a documented study, each of the terms has been explicated, their characteristics and functions have been analyzed and the inter-relation that they have with each other as well as their mutual effects have been delved into. Based on this survey, it can be denoted that there is a mutual relation between lifestyle and the participation in religious gatherings. As a matter of fact, as the socializers choose religious gatherings in accordance withtheir taste, age, gender, vicinity, content and time, to enjoy their programs in a personal proportion, in return, the religious gatherings increase the religious assets of the participants, internalize their religious traits, fortify their life stability and durability, vaccinate them against many social harms, and teaches them how to maintain such a lifestyle in the long run. This is not to mention that religious gatherings give a sense of satisfaction to their participants, establish their social and religious status in order to display true religious lifestyle.

Motivation (impetus) is a factor that makes the individual do a particular action without any external force and merely on their own volition and will. Human behavior, based on any pattern, is determined by motivation and stimulation systems. Psychologists typically define motivation as a process in which a particular behavior is aroused, guided or restored. Thus, creating religious motivation plays an important role in their being inclinedto religious practices. The study at hand, aims at clarifying the best methods of creating motivation for the individuals through the sayings and tradition of the ahl-al-bait, using a descriptive-analytic and Quranic-quotation approach. Ahl-al-bait played an important role motivating people to be inclined to religion and in this way they used two main 1- Causative methods like encouraging, clarifying and providing them with patterns and 2- Reforming methods like admonishing, warning and ignoring them; in order to reach theobjective, these two must be accompanied. The former aim at constructing the motives while the latter keeps it alive and fortifies it and through this the individual is religious motivated and their motivation will be a blossoming one.

With the outset of the Islamic Awakening in Arab countries, regional diplomatic movements in order to direct it in particular ways and repel liable threats as well as utilize the opportunities intensified, and as a consequence, a fierce competition started in the regional and international levels for gaining advantages for the involved parties. The Islamic Republic, as the first country in the region to experience Islamic Awakening in the contemporary era, has the responsibility of familiarizing the peoples of the region with thechallenges and the opportunities ahead as well as giving awareness to those in which Islamic Awakening has not yet taken place. One of the methods of interacting with the regional people is through media diplomacy which has been made possible by the int’l channels. Thus, the aim of this article is to study the media diplomacy of the IRI in the Middle East and North Africa. As a result, this article tries to delve the concept of media diplomacy and Islamic Awakening along with the effect of Iran’s int’l channels, namely, Sahar, Al-Alam, Al-Kowsar and Press TV and in this way, clarify the influences of the IRI on the developments of the region and the Islamic Awakening.

This survey was carried out with the aim of scrutinizing the cultural aspect of the passed regulations in the contents of the textbooks of the 2nd grade of Iran’s high schools, through a descriptive approach and via content-analysis. The society of the research encompassed all the 11 textbooks of the 2nd grade of high school in the educational year of 1392- 2014-2013(1393); in the meantime, Persian Literature, Theology, SocialStudies, Biology and Iranian Contemporary History were given more emphasis as samples due to their compatibility with the descriptive-analytic nature of the method used. The checklist content-analysis of the researcher was the assessment tool. The results of the research which were drawn through the descriptive analysis of the statistical indicators were as follows: 1- In the afore-mentioned books, cultural components were mentioned for 729 times. 2- The times of recitation in the first, second, third and fourth yearswere 169, 195, 128 and 237 times, respectively. 3- The highest frequency was witnessed in the Persian Literature book of the 4th Grade (220 times). 4- In the theology books of the first three grades as well as the biology book of the first grade, there was seen no implication to the passed objectives. 5- In general, there was little allusion to the above-mentioned cultural facet in the books of the 2nd grade.

The aim of this article is to show that on the one hand it is not possible to resist against the media and on the other hand its costs are exorbitant. Thus, an approach must be taken that has the highest advantages and repels as many hams as possible.Today’s communities are intertwined in each other in the global village in a way that there is no way of being extricated out. In such a situation, only the communities can survive which can use best of this global village and ward off its damages. The general ambience and atmosphere of this village is made by the media and have taken charge of producing thoughts as well as products in such a situation. The only solution is making logical, moral and cultural choices. One such way is entitled ‘medium literacy’. Consequently, through the utilization of medium literacy, we can use the opportunities in this circumstance and keep away from its pernicious side as much as possible.

Theorizing in humanities is one of the most effective ways of encountering problems and trying to solve them in every society in the world. Theories in humanities have two aspects, human and environmental. In the former, they are supra-time and supra-place nevertheless in the latter they are restricted by these two elements. Thus, they deal with human problems through particular viewpoints. Based on this, in any society, theorizing has two dimensions; namely, general and particular. Hence, despite the fact that theories are human-related, they cannot be generalized and applied to all humans at any time or place equally and so, theorizing must be localized and founded on therequirements of the societies. As a result, one can regard theorizing a symbol of livelihood and vitality of humans in a society. Consequently, the question is what path to be trodden to reach this intellectual objective and in order to realize the theories. What we learn in this study is that the only way to use theories practically and in accordance with Islamic rules and principles is localizing the theories. Moreover, theorizing and localizing theories in human sciences in any society is dependent on a sophisticated and well-structured group of concepts, which encompass the integrity of culture, politics and society. As a consequence, our stance is based on a moderate, Islam-oriented and salient viewpoint which is in harmony with Islamic-Iranian values and is utilized to reach favorable knowledge.

The domain of culture is among the most important and fundamental areas of national development. The concept of cultural engineering has always been deemed as a significant keyword in the arena of cultural communications and thus, tourism as an outstanding component of culture as well as one that affects it, is of exceptional importance. The concept of tourism cultural engineering possesses salient function and message to operate cultural ideas, policies and requirements for developing societies, like the Islamic Iran, in which the cultural assets of a nation are all subcategorized under the term cultural engineering. What has been stressed in this article is the connection between tourism and cultural engineering. In other words, what are the cultural components of tourism? In this article, through the method of documentation and library analysis, the ideas, opinions and beliefs of the outstanding figures of cultural engineering have been studied. Moreover, the relation between cultural engineering and tourism, their mutual interaction and effect have been analyzed, in line with the aim of the article. Furthermore, it has been tried to attain a proper framework for the desired matters and objectives, as much as possible, and, ultimately, draw a proper conclusion.