مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 81، مهر و آبان 1394)

Lung cancer due to low chance of survival is the most important and the most common fatal cancer and has the highest mortality rates compared to breast and prostate cancer and other multiple cancers. The purpose of this study is to analyze survival data of patients having lung cancer in the province of West Azerbaijan. The information of this study is relevant to 355 patients refered to hospitals exiting in West Azerbaijan province between 1386-93. The situation of the patients was followed up until the end of the Khordad 1393. The data are compromized from Histopathologic and demographic information. For analyzing the data and classifying the patients، the model of decision tree was used. All analysis and synthesis were performed using the software of R. The mean and the median time of survival for 355 patients having lung cancer were estimated 13 and 4. 8 months، respectively. The probable of 1-year surviving was about 39% and only 7% of patients had experienced 3-year survival. The model of decision tree of state therapy variables، Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)، smoking status، age of diagnosis and tumor stage were identified as important variables. The model of classification tree can identify the important and effective risk factors on the survival of the patients and identifying these factors in the cancer patients can prevent progression of the disease and increase survival time of patients.

Background and Stress and anxiety as important and common disorders in humane societies can lead to many other diseases. Due to the relatively high side effects of tranquilizers and anti-anxiety chemicals, the tendency to use herbal medicines as a treatment for anxiety disorders is increasing. This study evaluated the effects of alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas on anxiety in elevated plus maze, weight and plasma corticosterone levels in rats. In this experimental study, 56 adult male rats were used. They were assigned to 7 groups of 8 animals including control group (no treatment), sham 1 (receiving saline), sham 2 (exposure to plus maze) and three experimental groups that received doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas via intraperitoneal injections. Elevated plus maze was used to measure anxiety. The number of ties mice were present in the open and closed arms of the maze was calculated and their plasma levels and body weight were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS-18 via one-way ANOVA and Tukey follow-up tests. The results showed that the alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas at the given doses increased the number of entries into the open arms of elevated plus maze. It increased weight gain of animals and reduced plasma corticosterone levels at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg at p<0/05. Probably due to its sedative properties and its morphine materials, Papaver rhoeas extract reduces anxiety levels and corticosterone and increases the weight of the animals under study.

Background and The present study was carried out to determine the potential antibacterial agent of ethanolic extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa against Klebsiella Pneumonia isolation of urinary tract infections. Methods and Materials:The leaf H. Sabdariffa was properly dried and pulverized into a coarse powder as described by Hanafy. Twenty grams of grinded powders from each plant were soaked in 60 ml of ethanol (95 %v/v) plus water, separately for one day with occasionally shaking. After one day of dissolving, materials were filtered through a Whatman no. 1 filter paper. Then the filtrates were evaporated using rotary evaporator. At last, 0.97 g of dried extract was obtained and then stored at40C in an air tight screw-cap tube. Isolation of bacteria: All 12 K. Pneumoniae were isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients (Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol, south-eastern Iran), whom suffered from urinary tract infections during the years 2010- 2011. Isolated bacteria were identified by Gram's stain and standard biochemical tests. Sensitive strains to several antibiotics were evaluated by the disk diffusion method with standard Kirby - Bauer. Results showed Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolates resistant to the antibiotics Erythromycin (75%), Cefixime (3/58%) and Ceftazidime (3/33%). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Hibiscus tea with 10 ml / mg and l5 mg/m density have maximum inhibitory against Klebsiella Pneumonia samples and only one strain of K. Pneumoniae is inhibited in concentration 1/25. It seems that H.Sabdariffa extracts could inhibit the growth of all of the mentioned bacteria. We noticed that the bactericidal effect of H.Sabdariffa extract was less than its bacteriostatic effects.

Humic Acid (HA) is one of the polyelectrolyte compounds which cause many problems in water treatment process. In present study, UV/IO4- as a novel advance oxidation process, was used for removing HA. In present research, a batch reactor in lab scale was used.This reactor with useful volume of 2.5 L, made of stainless steel, which equipped with a low pressure Hg vapor lamp. In this study the effect of some parameters including pH, initial HA concentration, IO4- concentration and Fe (0) nanoparticles concentration were investigated. HA concentration was determined using Spectrophotometer at an absorbance wavelength of 254 nm. According to the results, pH 3, periodate concentration 125 mg/L and Fe (0) Nano particles 12.5 mg/L were determined as optimum conditions. Moreover, results indicated that in presence of UV coupled with Periodate removal efficiency of HA increased to 66.08%, and the increase of Fe (0) Nano particles can led to increase HA removal (73.3%). Results show thatthe presence of UV letto increase in the activation of periodate, on the other hands, the presence of Fe (0) Nano particles led to further activation of periodate subsequently cause the increasing HA removal.

Ano-Genital Warts are one the most common complaint among patients referred to dermatology, gynecology and urology clinics and the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease. Nearby 20% of patients with Ano-Genital Wart who had infected due to papilloma virus are also infected by other sexually transmitted diseases. The aim of this study was to determine HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis Infection among Patients with Ano-Genital Warts referred to Dermatology Clinic of Razi Hospital of Rashtin 2014.

In this cross-sectional study, all 62 patients with ano-Genital Warts who referred to Razi hospital in 2014 were studied. Demographic data were gathered by interview and blood samples were collected for immunological assay. Descriptive analysis and chi square test were used for data analyzing.

sixty two patients with mean age of 34.3 ± 10.4 years and mean duration of wart infection about 11 months were studied. 82.3% of patients were male, most of them in 4th decade, 69.4% married and more than 70% of them had diploma or higher educational levels. Regardless of risk factors, ninety patients (30.6%) had positive history of sexually transmitted diseases, 11.3% had taken drug, 35.5% used alcohol, 9.7% and 32.3% had history of blood transfusion and hospitalization, respectively, 24.2% got tattoo and one patient was imprisoned. None of patients was positive for HCV, HIV, HBV or syphilis.

According to low prevalence of HCV, HIV, HBV among patients and high price of laboratory test of these infections, more studies in other geographic area are recommended.

Pain after appendectomy surgery is the most common patient's dissatisfaction which the easiest method of treatment is opioids. Side effects of them led to using more appropriate medications instead of opioids to relieve the pain. Aim of This study was to compare the pain relief effects of morphine and promethazine in patients with appendectomy. This triple blind clinical trial was carried out on 60 patients in 49 -15 years old undergoing appendectomy in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, 1391.Participants were selected using by convenience method and then randomly divided into two groups of 30 ones. The control and intervention group was injected narcotic and promethazine, respectively. The level of pain was investigated according to the standard numeric pain scale, in the first hour after treatment. Data was analyzed using the Pearson and chi-square test by means of SPSS version 18 in the level of significance of 0.05. there was observed a significant difference between two groups in the level of postoperative pain relief, (P = 0/000), so that the level of pain after injection of promethazine 3/30 ± (1/33) was less than morphine 6/07± (1/23). Also, this difference was significant in half an hour after surgery (p = 0/000) with mean score of 3/69 ± (1/33) and 6/74± (1/30) for Promethazine and morphine, respectively. According to these results, basic planning to use phenothiszines such as promethazine instead of opioids is suggested.

the influence of various factors on the strength and durability of the family, including the couple's consent this study examined has the effect of electrical training Quranic teachings on marital satisfaction in employees has Sabzevar University Medical Sciences. The study intervention (before and after) on 32 married female employees of Sabzevar University Medical Sciences in 2013 years. Information was collected regarding marital satisfaction questionnaire and for data analysis used (STATA) software of version 11.. In all analyzes considered the significance level of 0/05and assumptions test is bilaterally. Used Descriptive Statistics for assess marital satisfaction and demographic and to analytically used to ANOVA test, of paired test and two sample test. Participants were a mean age of 35±/85 in year.It was past Average number of years that the participants were married, 11/66±9/2 years. The average of Marital Satisfaction after intervention was increased 29/14 ±4/6. Average in all aspects of marital satisfaction was increased after the intervention than before the intervention. The distortion of diversion, marital satisfaction, personality problems, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, sex, family and friends, egalitarian roles, religious orientation, the mean was significantly than before the intervention. The results show the positive impact of e-learning Quranic on marital satisfaction on female employees It seems due to the increasing use of electronics and computers in today's society, E-Islamic religious trainings, can significantly impact the quality of life and health.

Background and Online gaming addiction is a common problem among youngsters. As the researchers and experts’ needs a reliable and valid measurement, the current study was aimed at investigating the psychometric features of the online gaming addiction questionnaire. In this cross sectional study, 360 male adolescents of Tehran, were selected through randomized cluster sampling method and have completed Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and anxiety and depression subscales of DASS-21. Moreover, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Exploratory Factor Analysis by SPSS-19 were used for statistical analysis. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis indicate five factors that explained 54 % of total variance. The questionnaire convergent and divergent validity, were confirmed by calculating its correlation with self esteem, anxiety and depression. Also, Test-retest reliability coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha were obtained 0.81 and 0.85, respectively. The obtained results of current study showed desirable psychometric features of the online gaming addiction questionnaire. Therefore this measurement can be applied for research and therapy purposes.

Nowadays, plant essential oils are of interest to food industry researchers and are used as natural and safe preservatives in food materials because of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluation of antibacterial activity of Stachys lavandulifolia essential oil against listeria monocytogenes growth in Ardabil traditional cheese.

In this experimental study, aerial parts of Stachys lavandulifolia preparation as dried plant and its essential oil was isolation and identification. Essential oil in 0.03- 0.06 and 0.12 concentration with 103cfu/ml Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated in the milk samples that were prepared for the production of cheese. The cheese samples were stored for 60 day at 7 °C and during 1, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days were counted in surface culture to examine the quality growth of Listeria and total aerobic bacteria. The data were analyzed with Repeated measurement ANOVA with SPSS 22 and P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Use of essential oil concentrations have significant effect on reducing total bacteria and Listeria growth in compared to the control groups (p<0.001). Moreover, it was observed that bacterial growth declined logarithmically with increases in the concentration of the essential oil (p<0.001). Use of 0.12 concentration of essential oil has the greatest antimicrobial effect.

Essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia has antibacterial effect on Listeria monocytogenes and total aerobic bacteria, so that use of 0.06 of essential oil can improve the microbiological and safety properties of Ardabil traditional cheese and, also, can make desirable organoleptic characteristics.

The main problem in emergency departments is relief of pain in patients with renal colic. The effect of fluid restriction diet in reducing the colic pain is unknown. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of fluid restriction diet in reducing the colic pain. In this clinical trial, among patients with renal colic who had referred to Valiasser hospital of Birjand city, 141 patients who had inclusion criteria were selected and randomely divided into two groups (71 and 70 patients in each group). In the first group, diclofenac 100 mg suppositories, and a liter of normal saline solution for one hour; and in the second group, 100 mg diclofenac suppository alone was administered. Patients pain intensity, before treatment, 30 and 60 minutes after treatment, was measured using a visual analog scale pain scores (VAS). Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 15, and Chi-square, t-independent, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. The mean pain score, 30 and 60 min after treatment, was significantly greater in diclofenac with fluids group than diclofenac-only group. diclofenac with no fluid group (P<0.001). Although the mean changes in pain intensity, was greater in diclofenac-only group than diclofenac with fluids group (P=0.005), but the mean changes in pain intensity, 30 and 60 min after treatment, in both groups was not statistically different (P=0.32). The results of this study show that fluids uptake restrictions, using a suppository painkillers such as diclofenac, can greatly reduce pain in these patients; and prevents the patients frequent refers to the emergency room to get a narcotic analgesic

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability worldwide and is known as one of the major threats to human health. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the changes in mortality from cardiovascular disease in Iran. This cross-sectional study was done using analysis of data published in the mortality profile in Iran (29 Provinces) over the years 2006 to 2010. The trend of mortality due to cardiovascular disease in both sexes was drawn during the period of the study according to age groups in the 2010 and their frequency distributions. The WinPepi software was used for data analyses. Evaluation of the mortality profile in Iran (29 Provinces) over the Years 2006 to 2010 is shown that, during these years, the number of deaths from all causes in the country was 1,172,278, which 46.04 percent of them (539,679 cases) were due to cardiovascular disease. Also, according to the data on the mortality from cardiovascular disease, a decreasing trend was observed in the country during 2006 to 2008, while an increasing trend was observed the years 2009 to 2010. Highest number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease was reported in 2006, 115,985 cases, while least number was reported in 2008, 104,126 cases. Because the risk of death from cardiovascular disease increases with ageing, medical interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence and, also, in-time treatment of the patients can be used for preventing from mortality resulted from these disease.

Electro-Ozonation process (EOP) has a good potential for the removal of persistent organic pollutants. This process is a combination of ozonation process and electricity for producing hydroxyl radical and removal of pollutants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the EOP for SDBS degradation in aqueous media. In this experimental study, a semi-batch reactor with four graphite electrodes of 120 cm2 area was used. The effects of pH (3-11), the inlet of ozone (6-30 mM / s), current density (16-85 mA/cm2), the initial concentration of SDBS (0.02-0.3 mM/L) and radical scavenger dose (0.2 mM/L) were studied.SDBS concentration measured by spectrophotometer (DR5000) by instructions provided in the standard method book. The results indicate the high efficiency of this process in the removal of SBDS and COD. In optimum conditions of pH = 3, current 85 mA/cm2, ozone flow rate 30 mM/s and initial SDBS concentration 0.02 mM/L, more than 99% removal was observed in 50 min. By changing the parameters of the optimum conditions, the process performance was decreased. High efficiency of COD removal in this process was obtained in 80 min. Influence of TBA in solution was the efficiency decrease of process to 80 %. Electro-ozonation process as an advanced oxidation process can reduce organic pollution industry and can be considered as an environmentally friendly process.

Amygdala kindling is accompanied with alteration of the electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal cells in CA1 area of hippocampus. However, it is not clear that when and in which seizure stage do these changes occur during kindling. In the present study, changes in the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following partial amygdala kindling in rats were compared to full kindled state.

Animals were rapidly kindled by 1 ms square waves, 50 Hz, for 3 s. These stimulations were applied to the amygdala 12 times per day at 5 min intervals. Animal received kindling stimulation until achieving stage 2 (partial kindled group) and stage 5 (full kindled group). 24 hours after the last kindling stimulation electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons were assessed by using whole-cell patch clamp technique.

Obtained data from amygdala kindling showed that adaptation index, Rheobase, utilization time and the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization potential in partial kindled and full kindled compare to control were significantly decreased and the numbers of action potentials were significantly increased.

The present findings showed that in spite of in partial amygdala kindling, the number of stimulations that rats will receive is lower than full kindled animal but it can change neuronal hyperexcitability through alteration of the electrophysiological characteristics.

Background and While washing and dressing burn injuries, patients suffer from the acute pain. Therefor finding complementary methods with no side effects is an important issue. Thus this study was aimed at investigating the effect of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) in pain controlling while washing and dressing burn injuries. In this clinical trial study, 60 patients with burn injuries among those referred to Sabzevar Vasee Hospital in 2014 were studied. The patients were divided into three groups (each group 20 patients) including control group (no treatment), case group (received morphine before dressing) and placebo group (received both morphine and TENS before dressing). At the end patients were asked to scale the amount of pain which they have experienced using pain numerical scale 0-10. The Data were analyzed using Friedman,Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-wallis tests and SPSS software (18th version). Note that P value was utilized at significant level 0.05. Thepain average in control group was obtained about 5.45±0.52, in case group 5.00±0.48 and in placebo group 7.00±0.56. Thus a significant difference between three groups was obtained. (P=0.00). Results showed using both TENS and morphine before washing and dressing burn injuries is effective to reduce the pain

The increasing of heart disease, high rate of hospitalization due to the disease and also the high cost of treatment and care, has caused that important challenge facing the health system in the present century. Therefore, heart disease prevention and successful treatment is essential This is possible only with the patients’ active involvement in treatment and to implement the recommendations of the health care team which this is mentioned as treatment adherence. The present study conducted to determine the status of treatment adherence in patients after coronary artery bypass graft in Tehran in 2014 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft in Tehran. Needed data were collected via demographic checklist and treatment adherence questionnaire that were completed by patients in five days after coronary artery bypass surgery and before discharge. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson coloration and Chi square were used. The mean score of treatment adherence was 59.36± 8.08. Among subscales, maximum score was for Combining treatment with life (68/06± 19/34) and minimum score was dedicated to planning in performance of treatment (44.52± 25.62). There was a significant correlation between all subscales of treatment adherence instrument (p=0/0001) except for concern to treatment and planning in performance of treatment and also participate in treatment with commitment to treatment that there was observed no significant relationship. The results showed that Treatment coordination with living conditions and social support from family and friends is associated with better adherence in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. There is suggested that adherence to treatment consider as an educational program in nursing care of these patients.

Lipid disorders, which are associated with the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, are increasing in adolescents. Studies are indicative of the relationship of blood lipid level and chronic diseases with anthropometric indices in adolescents. This study aims to investigate lipid disorders and their relationship with anthropometric indices in adolescents. The sample of this descriptive and analytical study included 318 adolescents aged 10-18 who were selected and analyzed using stratified random sampling. The subjects’ demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained. The data were then analyzed using t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Of the subjects, 19.5% had a total cholesterol above 170 mg/dl, 33.7% had a triglyceride level above 100 mg/dl, 12.6% had an LDL cholesterol level above 110 mg/dl, and 41% had an HDL cholesterol level below 40 mg/dl. The increase in BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio was accompanied by increased lipid disorders. Significance level was considered as 0.05. Although the use of anthropometric indicators alone cannot indicate the condition of the blood lipid profile in adolescents, but they can be used as a simple and accessible method.

Today, entrance of wastewaters, especially detergent and cleaner agent’s production industries wastewaters, to surface and underground waters is one of environmental pollution concerns. These wastewaters are containing detergents and surfactants, such as polysorbates and, because of exposure of human and other organisms, their degradation is of great important. This research analyses degradation of a non-ionic detergent in polysorbate group called Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) and studies effect of pH and temperature on degradation rate of this detergent, using lipolytic bacteria (isolated from Tehran oil refinery wastewater and activated sludge). For primary isolating of lipolytic bacteria, the TSA medium containing Tween 80 and olive oil has been, separatively, used. Then specific culture Tween agar and Tributyrin agar have been used to study for lipase enzyme bacteria production. Also for confirmation degradation, instrumental methods, spectrophotometer and FTIR were used. The results shows that the isolated bacteria are able to depredate polysorbate 80 by lipase enzyme production. Bacillus cereus was known as the best degradator after the identification of the molecular basis of sequencing 16S rRNA. Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (T), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Bacillus sp was known. The results showed that pH and temperature affects on the degradation of tween, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa at acidic range of pH, two gram positive bacillus at alkali range of pH and three bacteria at 37 ˚C have the best degradation.

To report different manifestations of recurrent lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) in two penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) grafts of a patient. Case Report: A 65-year-old man diagnosed with LCD underwent PKP in both eyes which were performed twice in the right eye 18 and 2 years and once in the left eye 16 years before the recent presentation. He complained of decreased visual acuity in both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity was 2.5 m counting finger in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye. Follow-up examinations revealed the recurrence of dystrophy characterized by subepithelial and anterior stromal haziness in both grafts and branching stromal lattice figures in the left. Recurrent LCD can have different manifestations in PKP grafts, depending on the follow-up period.

Fluoride concentration in drinking water is one of the effective parameters in human health, and the majority of the body's requirement for fluoride is supplied through drinking water. Fluoride in low concentration is essential for human but in high concentration is very hazardous for human health. In the present study, the efficiency of modified-clay and lime-marl as adsorbents was investigated for the elimination of fluoride from aqueous solution. This experimental study was conducted at the Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The effects of several parameters such as pH (4, 7 and 10), the adsorbent dosage (1, 5 and 10 g/L), initial concentration of fluoride (5, 10 and 15 mg/L), contact time (15-120 min) on the removal have been studied. Also, the structural characteristics of both adsorbents were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). According to the results obtained, the removal efficiency of fluoride, at concentration 10 mg/L and the approximate time of 60 min, in the case of clay-modified adsorbent is 95.23% and in the case of lime-marl adsorbent is about 28.71%. Langmuir and Freundlich coefficients were determined in the optimum conditions, and the adsorption isotherm could be described by the Langmuir model(R2=0.9907). Kinetic study showed that the equilibrium time was 60 min. The adsorption kinetics fitted well with the Ho pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2=0.994). According to our finding, it is proposed that the adsorption process of fluoride by clay-modified is very efficient and economics for fluoride removal from aqueous solution.

Background and cardiac catheterization is one of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods of heart disease, Teaching methods such as group training creates the feeling of comfort and make the patients more relax, as well as it changes their psychological and physiological responses. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of group emotional expressions, on stress level of patients awaiting for cardiac catheterization. This interventional study (randomized trial) was carried out on 80 patients undergoing coronary angiography for the first time, in Vasee Hospital of Sabzevar in 2014. The samples were selected according to patients available on random days. In the intervention group, emotional expression method was performed. Data were collected via State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and standard anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Chi-square, Fisher exact and analysis of covariance. (Significant level=0.05) The average age of participants in this study was about 54.11±10.67 years. Among all patients, 39 participants (48.8%) were male and 41 participants (51.2%) were females. In the intervention group, mean score of STAI decreased significantly in comparision to the control group (p‹0.010). Group expression of emotions affect patient’s anxiety undergoing first time coronary angiography. Therefor it's recommended to use this method befor cardiac catheterization performance.